INDIVIDUAL AND INTERACTIVE UTILITY OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL INVIGORATION FOR VARIOUS CARROTS SEEDS ORDERS AND STUDY THEIR FIELD PERFORMANCE

Authors

  • Aseel M.H. H. Al-Khafaji
  • Kadhim D. H. Al-jubouri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36103/66873c67

Keywords:

mycorrhiza; trichoderma; gamma ray; sustainability; endo-β-mannanase

Abstract

The purpose of this research is assessing the significance of biological and physical seeds invigoration of different aged carrot seeds orders and study their field performance. An implementation of field experiment at station (A) College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during fall season 2021-2022. The experimental design arranged using split plot within RCBD. As carrot seeds order considered main plots (primary P, secondary S, tertiary T) and seeds invigoration treatments sub plots (untreated seeds C0, biological B, Physical G, B+G) with three replicates (3X4X3). The interaction treatment PBG (biological+physical treated primary seeds order) reveals significance in majority of research traits such as  field emergence percent, carrot total carotenoids, scavenging percent, total yield (97.67%,12.66mg.100g, 88%, 126.1 ton.ha-1) respectively in compare to untreated tertiary seeds order  (TC0).

References

Al Abboud, M. A., TM Abdel Ghany, and M. M. Alawlaqi. 2014. Role of biofertilizers in agriculture: a brief review. Mycopath 11(2 ):95-101.

Alessandro, María S., C. R. Galmarini, M. Iorizzo, and P. W. Simon. 2013. "Molecular mapping of vernalization requirement and fertility restoration genes in carrot." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 126 : 415-423.

Ali, Z. H., and S. A. Abdul-Latif. 2024. Effect of soaking with atonic, water hyacinths compost and biofertilizers on vegetative and flowering growth of tuberose . Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(Special), 136-150. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v55iSpecial.1893

Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H. and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2024. Developmental control of some physiological factors on reproductive biology and rudimentary embryos phenomenon in carrot seeds. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(3):1038-1047. https://doi.org/10.36103/zvrre033

Al-Obaidi, S. M. J., and H. A. Abdul-Ratha. Evaluation of the combination of bacterial biofertilizer and vermicompost in the availability of N, P, K and some of plant parameters of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 52(4):960-970. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1406

Al-Silmawy. N. A. J. K. and H.A. Abdul-Ratha. 2023. Effect of biofertilizer, vermicompost and phosphate fertilizer on growth and yield of cauliflower ( Brassica oleraceae var.botrytis). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(2): 505-515. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1726

Araújo, S. D. S., S. Paparella, , D. Dondi, , A. Bentivoglio, D. Carbonera, and A. Balestrazzi. 2016. Physical methods for seed invigoration: advantages and challenges in seed technology. Frontiers in plant science, 7, 646.

Bennett, A.J.; A. Mead,; and J.M. Whipps. 2009. Performance of carrot and onion seed primed with beneficial microorganisms in glasshouse and field trials. Biol. Control, 51, 417–426.

Bovi, J. E., A. Valter, and J. T. Neto. 2001. Use of low doses of cobalt-60 gamma radiation on carrot seeds and their effects on plant growth and yield. In IX International Symposium on Timing of Field Production in Vegetable Crops 607 . 41-43.

Cardarelli, M., S. L. Woo, Y. Rouphael, and G. Colla. 2022. Seed treatments with microorganisms can have a biostimulant effect by influencing germination and seedling growth of crops. Plants, 11(3), 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030259

Carrillo-Barral, Néstor, A. J. Matilla, M. d. C. Rodríguez-Gacio, and R. Iglesias-Fernández. 2018. Mannans and endo-β-mannanase transcripts are located in different seed compartments during Brassicaceae germination. Planta 247 : 649-661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2815-4

Cavasin, P Y, H O d Santos, T F Oliveira, J A Pereira, A B N da Gama, and W V S Pereira. 2023. Endo-β-mannanase and superoxide dismutase as enzymatic markers for lettuce seeds thermotolerance." Journal of Seed Science 45: e202345008.

Dias, G. P., H. C.Mazzottini-dos-Santos, L. M.Ribeiro, Y. R. F. Nunes, G. P. P. Bragança,, R. M. dos Santos Isaias, and M. O. Mercadante-Simões. 2020. Reserve mobilization dynamics and degradation pattern of mannan-rich cell walls in the recalcitrant seed of Mauritia flexuosa (Arecaceae). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 156, 445-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.031

El-Beltagi, H. S., G. A. Tawfic, S. A. Shehata, O. A. Abdel Hamid, A A. Ahmed, and M M. El-Mogy. 2023. The effect of seed priming with UV and gamma rays on the growth, production, and storage ability of cauliflower heads." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 51(3): 13264-13264. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha51313264

Fujimura, Tatsuhito. 2014 Carrot somatic embryogenesis. A dream come true?. Plant biotechnology reports 8 : 23-28.

Goodwin, T. W. 1965. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigments. London, Academic Press. pp:583.

Goodwin, T. W. 1976. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Plant Pigment. 2nd Academic. Press. London. New York. San Francisco, pp:373.

Hassan, S., X. A. Zeng, M. K. Khan, M. A. Farooq, A., Ali, A Kumari, and A. Liaqat, A. 2022. Recent developments in physical invigoration techniques to develop sprouts of edible seeds as functional foods. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, 997261.

Hindersah, R., A. Karuniawan, and A. Apriliana. 2021. Reducing chemical fertilizer in sweet potato cultivation by using mixed biofertilizer.. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(4), 1031-1038.

https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1414

Holonec, R., O. Viman, I. M. Morar, S. Sîngeorzan, C. Scheau, H. D. Vlasin, and A. M TruȚĂ,. 2021. Non-chemical treatments to improve the seeds germination and plantlets growth of sessile oak. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 49(3), 12401-12401.

Iglesias-F, R., M C Rodríguez-Gacio, C Barrero-Sicilia, P Carbonero, and A Matilla 2011. Three endo-β-mannanase genes expressed in the micropylar endosperm and in the radicle influence germination of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Planta 233 : 25-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-010-1257-z ]

Iglesias-Fernández, R., . M. del Carmen Rodríguez-Gacio, C Barrero-Sicilia, P. Carbonero, and A J. Matilla 2011. Molecular analysis of endo-β-mannanase genes upon seed imbibition suggest a cross-talk between radicle and micropylar endosperm during germination of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant signaling & behavior, 6(1), 80-82.

Justus, Emily J., and E. Y. Long. 2019. Biology and management of the carrot weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in North America. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 10 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmz007

Kataria, D. 2016. Carrot plant-a potential source of high value compounds and biological activities: a review. CABI Databases; 1237-1248.

Kedare, S. B., and R. P. Singh. 2012. Genesis and development of DPPH method of antioxidant assay. J Food Sci Technol, 48(4):412–422.

Kiełkowska, Agnieszka, and W. Kiszczak. 2023. History and current status of haploidization in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Agronomy 13(3) : 676. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030676

Kumar, Amit, V. P. S. B, A. Kumari, and N Kumar. 2023. Enhancing carrot seed quality: a review of the impact of priming and storage containers on Daucus carota L. seeds. RP Current Trends In Agriculture And Environmental Sciences; 2(1):4-9.

Layek, S., S.Pramanik, , A. Das, A. K. Gupta, A. Bhunia, and M. K. Pandit, 2022. Effect of gamma radiation on seed germination and seedling growth of snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina L.). South African Journal of Botany, 145, 320-322.

Lee, Young Jin, K. S. Hwang, and P. S. Choi. 2023. Effect of carbon sources on somatic embryogenesis and cotyledon number variations in carrot (Daucus carota L.). Journal of Plant Biotechnology 50(1): 89-95.

Loarca, J, M. Liou, J. C. Dawson, and P. W. Simon. 2024. Advancing utilization of diverse global carrot (Daucus carota L.) germplasm with flowering habit trait ontology. Frontiers in Plant Science 15: 1342513. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1342513

Mahanty, T, S Bhattacharjee, M Goswami, P Bhattacharyya, B Das, A Ghosh, and P Tribedi. 2017. Biofertilizers: a potential approach for sustainable agriculture development. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24: 3315-3335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8104-0

Malek, M. A., D. Mohammed, M. Sikdar, and M. S. Rahman. 2012. Effects of variety and growing condition on yield and quality of carrot seed. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 5(2): 301-306. https://doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v5i2.14834

Mandel, Jennifer R., and J. Brunet. 2019. Gene flow in carrot. The Carrot Genome. 59-76. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 1st ed. pp: 372.

Miranda, R. Marques de, D. C. F. dos S Dias, E. A. de T. Picoli, P. P. da Silva, and W. M. Nascimento. 2017. Physiological quality, anatomy and histochemistry during the development of carrot seeds (Daucus carota L.)." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 41: 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017412009216

Monalisa, S. P., J. K.Beura, R. K. Tarai, and M. Naik. 2017. Seed quality enhancement through biopriming in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L). Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 9(3), 1740-1743. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1431

Nazar, M. S., Saeed, M., V. Khan, I. ul Haq, M. A. Tariq, A. H. Tanoli, and S. A. Zakki. 2023. Nutritional and therapeutic importance of carrot pomace: a review article. International Journal of Natural Medicine and Health Sciences, 2(3), 25-33.

Ou, C‐G., J‐H. Mao, L‐J. Liu, C‐J. Li, H‐F. Ren, Z‐W. Zhao, and F‐Y. Zhuang. 2017. Characterising genes associated with flowering time in carrot (Daucus carota L.) using transcriptome analysis." Plant Biology 19(2): 286-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12519

Pennell, Roger I., L Janniche, G. N. Scofield, H. Booij, S. C. de Vries, and K. Roberts. 1992. Identification of a transitional cell state in the developmental pathway to carrot somatic embryogenesis. The Journal of Cell Biology 119, (5):1371-1380.

Pinho, G. P., J. R.Matoso, F. O. Silvério, W. C. Mota, P. S. N. Lopes, and L.M. Ribeiro. 2014. A new spectrophotometric method for determining the enzymatic activity of endo-β-mannanase in seeds. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 25, 1246-1252. https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20140102

Que, F., Hou, X. L., Wang, G. L., Xu, Z. S., Tan, G. F., Li, T., ... and Xiong, A. S. 2019. Advances in research on the carrot, an important root vegetable in the Apiaceae family. Horticulture research, 6. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0150-6

Rubatzky, V. E., C. F. Quiros and P. W. Simon. 1999. Carrots and Related Vegetables Umbelliferae. CABI Publishing. pp:294.

Simon, P., M. Lorizzo, D. Grzebelus, and R. Baranski. 2019. The Carrot Genome. Springer Nature Switzerland AG 1st ed. pp: 372.

Sîngeorzan, S. M., L. Holonec, A. M. Truta, I. M. Morar, C. Dan, A. Colișar, and I. Păcurar. 2022. The influence of physical treatments on seed germination and seedling development of spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.). Forests, 13(9), 1498.

Singh, M. N., R. Srivastava, and I. Yadav. 2021. Study of different varietis of carrot and its benefits for human health: a review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10(1), 1293-1299.

DOI: 10.22271/phyto.2021.v10.i1r.13529

Siyami, R., B. Mirshekari, F. Farahvash, V. Rashidi, and A. Tarinejad.2018. The effect of physical seed priming and water deficit stress on enzyme activity and seed yield of corn." Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences 11(1): 127-136. https://doi.org/10.22077/escs.2018.372.1072

Sudrajat, D. J., E.Rustam, and N.Widyani. 2022. Provenance variation in seed storability of jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) and their response to seed invigoration by priming and gamma irradiation treatments. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(10):37-52.

Tanja M. H., J. R. Hewitt and H. Nonogaki. 2003. Endo-β-mannanase activity is associated with the completion of embryogenesis in imbibed carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds. Seed Science Research, 13,219-227.

Trivedi, R. S., J. M. Townshend, and John G. Hampton. 2010. Can desiccant application improve carrot seed quality?." Agronomy Society of New Zealand,. https://hdl.handle.net/10182/6730

Wang, J., Y. Zhang, L. Zhou, F. Yang, J. Li, Y. Du, and L. Yu. 2022. Ionizing radiation: Effective physical agents for economic crop seed priming and the underlying physiological mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(23), 15212.

Zanzibar, M., Y. A. Nugraheni, K. P. Putri, N. Yuniarti, D. J. Sudrajat, J. Yulianti, ... and D. Septiningrum. 2021. Toona sureni (Blume) Merr. seeds invigoration using 60Co gamma-rays irradiation. Forest Science and Technology, 17(2), 80-87.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-26

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Aseel M.H. H. Al-Khafaji, & Kadhim D. H. Al-jubouri. (2024). INDIVIDUAL AND INTERACTIVE UTILITY OF BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL INVIGORATION FOR VARIOUS CARROTS SEEDS ORDERS AND STUDY THEIR FIELD PERFORMANCE . IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 55(4), 1566-1573. https://doi.org/10.36103/66873c67

Publication Dates

Similar Articles

11-20 of 78

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.