IMPROVING THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FIG TREES BY SPRAYING WITH MORINGA LEAVES EXTRACTS AND GARLIC CLOVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/fffw7w92Keywords:
elements content in leaves, leaf area, yield per tree, fruit weight and size.Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a private orchard at Aldaraman, Kirkuk Governorate on "Khalobaziani" local fig trees. This study aimed to investigate the effect of spraying with Moringa leaf extract (MLE) at (0, 2, and 4 ml.l-1) and Garlic cloves extract (GCE) at (0, 10, and 20 ml.l-1) on growth and productivity of fig trees. Results showed that trees sprayed with MLE 4 ml.l-1 led to a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, average fruit weight and size, and average yield per tree, while significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to control. Furthermore, significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, minerals (NPK) content in leaves, and average fruit weight and size in the trees sprayed with GCE 20 ml.l-1 compared to control. The interaction between MLE 4 ml.l-1 and GCE 20 ml.l-1 showed a significant increase in the leaf area, total chlorophyll content, average leaf dry weight, and minerals (NPK) content in leaves, also significantly decreased fruit cracking percentage compared to most of the other treatments.
References
Abd Al Rhman, A., H.S. Ahmed and S.A. Mohamed. 2018. Effect of moringa extracts and diatoms foliar applications on Washington navel orange and murcott tangor transplant performance. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants, 10(1): 28-40
Abd El–Hamied, S.A. and E.I. El-Amary. 2015. Improving growth and productivity of “pear” trees using some natural plants extracts under north sinai conditions. Journal of Agriculture and veterinary Science, 8(1): 1-9
Abo El-Enien, M., A. El-Azazy and F. El-Sayed. 2015. Effect of moringa leaves extract as a natural product compared with other synthetic compounds on yield production and fruit quality of navel orange trees. Egypt J Hortic, 42: 899-911. DOI: 10.21608/ejoh.2015.1339
Ahmed, F., H.I.M. Ibrahim, M.A.M. Abada and M.M.M. Osman. 2014. Using plant extracts and chemical rest breakages for breaking bud dormancy and improving productivity of superior grapevines growing under hot climates. World Rural Observations, 6(3): 8-18
Ahmed, M., A. Eman, and M. Abd El-Migeed. 2009. Effect of garlic extract and mineral oil spray on flowering, harvesting time, yield and fruit quality of peach (Prunus persica) trees cv.‘Florida prince’. Middle Eastern and Russian Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 3 (special issue 1): 53-57
Akl, A., F. Gadalla and M. Abada. 2017. Effect of some plant extracts on growth and nutritional status of flame seedless grapevine transplants. Journal of Productivity and Development, 22(2): 323-337. DOI: 10.21608/jpd.2017.41900
Al-Hadethi, M.E.A., M.H.S. Al-Hamdany, and A.T. AL-Dulaimi. 2016. Role of garlic and turmeric extract in the leaves mineral Contents of Apple Trees. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 9(10): p. 07-09.
Al-Hassan, M. F. H., H. A. Baqir and J. W. Mahmoud.2024. The role of chlorophyll spraying according to the evolutionary standard zadoks in the growth characteristics of two cultivars of bread wheat. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,55(1):470-478. https://doi.org/10.36103/w1877d96
Aljabary, A. M. A. O. (2018). Effects of foliar application of urea and potassium chloride on some physicochemical properties of “Damson” plum fruits. nd Int. Conference of Agricultural Sciences. College of Agriculture, Sulaimani University. Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani Part-A-(Pure and Applied Sciences), 351-360.
Aljabary, A.M. 2017. Effect of immersion in Garlic and Dill seed extract on some storability parameters of potato tubers. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 17(4): 79-87
AL-Jabary, A.M. and N.N. Fadil. 2017. Effect of immersion in calcium chloride and neem extract on storability of plum fruits (Prunus domestica) cv. Damson. Journal Of Kirkuk University For Agricultural Sciences, 8(3): 48-54
Aljabary, A.M.A.O., A. J. Ali, Z. J. Salih, A. N. Jamal and A. R. Kareem. 2024. Response of" Salakhani" Pomegranate Trees to Spraying with Moringa Leaves Extract, Garlic, and Turmeric. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20(1), 14-25. https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v20i1.696
Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H. and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2022. Influence of aqueous extract of barley sprouts, trehalose, and calcium on growth, quality and yield of carrot. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(1): 133-140. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.1517
Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H. and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2022. Maximization carrot minerals preserve and antioxidant capacity by foliar application of aqueous barley sprouts extract, trehalose, and calcium. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(1):122-132. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.1515
Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H., and K. D. H. Al-Jubouri. 2023. Upgrading growth, yield, and folate levels of lettuce via salicylic acid and spirulina, vermicompost aqueous extracts, Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54(1):235-241. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1696
Al-Sabbagh, M.N.A. 2020. Effect of some Natural Extracts and Nutrients on Growth and Natural Status of Washington Navel Orange Transplants. Benha University, Egypt. faculty of Agriculture. MSc. Thesis, Horti. Dept.
Alsalhy, B.F.J. and A.M.A.O. Aljabary. 2020. Effect of moringa leaves extracts and licorice roots on some growth characteristics and yield of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Halawany. Plant Archives, 20(2): 2616-2623
Anwar, F., S. Latif, M. Ashraf and A. H. Gilani. 2007. Moringa oleifera: a food plant with multiple medicinal uses. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(1): 17-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2023
Bassiony, S. and M.G. Ibrahim. 2016. Effect of silicon foliar sprays combined with moringa leaves extract on yield and fruit quality of "Flame Seedless" Grape (Vitis vinifera L.). Journal of Plant Production, 7(10):1127-1135. DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2016.46946
Bhargava, B.S. and H.B. Raghupathi (1999). Analysis of Plant Materials for Macro and Micronutrients. p: 49-82. In Tandon, H.L.S. (eds.). Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Water and Fertilizers. Binng Printers L-14, Lajpat Nagor, New Delhi, 110024
Bruneton, J. 2001. Farmacognosia, Fitoquímica plantas medicinales. Zaragoza, España,: 477-566
Burham, B. 2017. Phytochemical, proximate composition and minerals contents of Moringa oleifera. Chemistry Research Journal, 2(2): 78-83
Chang, E.-H., R.-S. Chung and Y. H. Tsai. 2007. Effect of different application rates of organic fertilizer on soil enzyme activity and microbial population. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 53(2): 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2007.00122.x
El-Alakmy, H. and D.M. El-Bolok. 2017. Effect of foliar application of some plant extracts and amino acids on "Picual" Olive Production and Oil Quality. Journal of Plant Production, 8(11): 1229-1239. DOI: 10.21608/jpp.2017.41296
El-Sharony, T., S. El-Gioushy and O. Amin. 2015. Effect of foliar application with algae and plant extracts on growth, yield and fruit quality of fruitful mango trees cv. Fagri Kalan. Journal of Horticulture, 2(4): 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000162
Fuglie, L.J. 1999. The miracle tree: Moringa oleifera, natural nutrition for the tropics.: The multiple Attributes of Moringa. 17.
Harrison, R.D. 2005. Figs and the diversity of tropical rainforests. Bioscience, 55(12): 1053-1064. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[1053:FATDOT]2.0.CO;2
Hassan, A., N, Abd-Alhamid; Rawheya B.M.A. Aly; H.S.A, Hassan and Laila F. Hagagg. 2019. Effect of foliar application with algae and moringa leaves extracts on vegetative growth, leaf mineral contents, yield and chemical fruit quality of picual olive trees. Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 27(1): 659-671. DOI: 10.21608/AJS.2019.43679
Herre, E.A., K.C. Jan eler, and C.A. Machado. 2008. Evolutionary Ecology of Fig leaves extra; Recent pro grass and out staneling Puzzles. Ann.Per. Evol. Syst., 37: 438- 456.
İrget, M.E., U. Aksoy, B. Okur, A. R. Ongun and M. Tepecik. 2008. Effect of calcium based fertilization on dried fig (Ficus carica L. cv. Sarılop) yield and quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 118(4): 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.06.024
Jacob, S.J.P. and S. Shenbagaraman. 2011. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the selected green leafy vegetables. Int. J. Pharm. Tech. Res, 3(1): 148-152.
Leonel, S., M.A. Tecchio and G.M.D.A.G. Cóser. 2015. Dormancy breaking of the fig tree with hydrogen cyanamide and garlic extrate. British Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 10(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/18194
Makkar, H.A. and K. Becker. 1996. Nutrional value and antinutritional components of whole and ethanol extracted Moringa oleifera leaves. Animal feed science and technology, 63(1-4): 211-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(96)01023-1
Mallarino, A.P. 2003. Foliar and starter fertilization. Are they needed to supplement primary fertilization? In The Integrated Crop Management Conf. Proceedings. Dec. 3- 4, Ames, IA. Iowa State Univ. Extension.,: 113-120
Meireles, D., J. Gomes, L. Lopes, M. Hinzmann and J. Machado. 2020. A review of properties, nutritional and pharmaceutical applications of Moringa oleifera: integrative approach on conventional and traditional Asian medicine. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 20(4): 495-515
Mohammed, R. R. and B. H. Majeed. 2023. Effect of moringa leaves extract, calcium, and potassium silicate on the growth, yield, and quality of strawberry fruits. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,54(6):1703-1715. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i6.1869
Mohammed, R. R. and B. H., Majeed, 2024. Response of strawberry growth, yield and marketable fruit quality to spraying with moringa leaf extract, calcium and potassium silicate. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(1):440-452. https://doi.org/10.36103/yf9f0c65
Mostafa, F., A.K.A. Mohamed1, Mervat A. Aly and M.K. Rizkallaz. 2015. Effect of garlic and camphor oils on bud fertility and yield components of Flame Seedless grape cultivar. Assiut J. Agric. Sci, 46(3): 100-119
Nasir, M., A. S. Khan, S. M. A. Basra and A. U. Malik. 2016. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract, potassium and zinc influence yield and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’mandarin. Scientia horticulturae, 210: 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.07.032
Nasir, M., A. S. Khan, S. M. A. Basra and A. U. Malik. 2020. Improvement in growth, productivity and quality of ‘Kinnow’mandarin fruit after exogenous application of Moringa olifera leaf extract. South African Journal of Botany, 129: 263-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.07.042
Nouman, W., M.T. Siddiqui and S.M.A. Basra. 2012. Moringa oleifera leaf extract: An innovative priming tool for rangeland grasses. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 36(1): p. 65-75. https://doi.org/10.3906/tar-1009-1261
Pacurar, M. and G. Krejci. 2010. Garlic Consumption and Health.: Nova Science Publishers, 1ne. New York
Phiri, C. and D. Mbewe. 2010. Influence of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on germination and seedling survival of three common legumes. International Journal of Agri. and Bio., 12(2): 315-317
Rowell D.L. 1996. Soil science: Methods & applications. Longman Group Limited, UK.: Routledge
Salih, M.M., J.M. kalaf and K.A. Hasan. 2020. Effect of spraying with licorice-garlic and marine algae extracts Sea force on some vegetative growth characteristics of fig trees (Ficus carica L.) cv. Aswod Diala. Journal Of Kirkuk University For Agricultural Sciences, 11(3): 37-46
Siddhuraju, P. and K. Becker. 2003. Antioxidant properties of various solvent extracts of total phenolic constituents from three different agroclimatic origins of drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 51(8): 2144-2155.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020444+
Sivakumar, V. and V. Ponnusami. 2011. Influence of spacing and organics on plant nutrient uptake of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum). Journal of Horticulture and Forestry, 3(11): 333-335
Sodamade, A., A. Owonikoko and D. Owoyemi. 2017. Nutrient contents and mineral composition of Moringa oleifera Seed. International Journal of Communication Systems, 5(2): 205-207
Salih, A.Y., A.Q. Hamdan, , and S. M. Tarkan, 2024. Effect of spraying ba and zn at vegetative and root system growth of plum saplings. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(1): 453-458. https://doi.org/10.36103/pc2j7e81
Taiz, L. and E. Zeiger. 2006. Plant Physiology 4th Ed. Sinauer Associates Incorporated Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
2.jpg)
