PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY IN VANNAMEI SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) CULTIVATION IN INTENSIVE PONDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1684Keywords:
abundance, diversity index, uniformity index, dominance index, aquacultureAbstract
Optimal growth of shrimp and harvest in a pond is strongly influenced by water quality because this is a common thing but it cannot be denied that it is also an important thing. The combination of physicochemical parameters and biological indicators has become a classic way of studying water quality. Phytoplankton is a bioindicator that affects the productivity of vannamei shrimp in ponds. Currently, shrimp farming activities are intensive. This study aimed to analyze the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton and water quality in vannamei shrimp ponds. The research objective was achieved by calculating the abundance, diversity index, evenness index, and plankton dominance index in ponds. The results of the study were that the phytoplankton of Chlorophyta with the highest total abundance in each pond was 18,400x103 ind/l, 14,900x103 ind/l, 16,620x103 ind/l, and 6.410x103 ind/l. The index of phytoplankton diversity at each location was 0.74, 0.73, 0.87, 0.74. Phytoplankton uniformity index at each location was 0.04, 0.04, 0.05, 0.05. Phytoplankton dominance index at each location was 0.60, 0.38, 0.56, 0.07. The abundance of phytoplankton is an obstacle to the success of vannamei shrimp aquaculture production.
References
Adebisi, A. A. 1981. The physico-chemical hydrology of tropical seasonal river upper Ogun River. Hydrobiologia. 79:157-165. DOI: 10.1007/BF00006123
Adhikari P.L. Shrestha S, Bam W, Xie and L, Perschbacher P. 2017. Evaluation of spatial-temporal variations of water quality and plankton assemblages and its relationship to water use in Kulekhani Multipurpose Reservoir, Nepal. J Environ Prot. 8:1270-1295. DOI: 10.4236/jep.2017.811079
Arifin. 2009. Evaluasi Pembelajaran. PT Remaja Rosdakarya, Jakarta, Indonesia
Arofah S, Sari L. A, and R. Kusdarwati 2021. The relationship with N/P ratio to phytoplankton abundance in mangrove Wonorejo waters, Rungkut, Surabaya, East Java. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 718 (1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012018.
Ayodele, I.A., and E. K. Ajani, 1999. Essentials of fish farming (aquaculture). Odufuwa publisher, Ibadan
Basmi, H. 2000. Plankton Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Perairan. Bogor: Fakultas. Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, IPB
Basmi, J. 1999. Planktonologi (Bioekologi Plankton Algae) FPIK Institute Pertanian Bogor, Bogor
Brito, L. O., Santos, I.G.S., Abreu, J. L., Araújo, M. T., Severi, W., and A. O., Gàlvez, 2016. Effect of the addition of diatoms (Navicula spp.) and rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) on water quality and growth of the Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae reared in a biofloc system. Aquac. Res. 47 (12):3990-3997
Brock, J.A., and B. LeaMaster, , 1992. A look at the principal bacterial, fungal and parasitic diseases of farmed shrimp. In: Wyban, J. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Special Session on Shrimp Farming. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, p. 212-226
Casé, M., Leça, E. E., Leitão, S. N., Sant′Anna, E. E., and R. Schwamborn, 2008. Plankton community as an indicator of water quality in tropical shrimp culture ponds. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 56 (7):1343-1352
Chen, J.X., Wei-Bin, L.I., Chen, W.Z., Qing-Tao, M.A., and K. L., Chen, 2018. Variation of environmental factors and dominant population succession of microalgae planktonic in closed shrimp pond. Hubei Agricult. Sci. 57 (11):29-31 (45).
De D, Sandeep K. P, Kumar S, Raja R. A, Mahalakshmi P, Sivaramakrishnan T, Ambasankar K, and K. K.Vijayan 2020. Effect of fish waste hydrolysate on growth, survival, health of Penaeus vannamei and plankton diversity in culture systems. Aquaculture 524:1-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture 2020.735240
De Lacerda L. D, Vaisman A. G, Maia L. P, Ramos Silva C. A, and E. M. Cunha 2006. Relative importance of nitrogen and phosphorus emissions from shrimp farming and other anthropogenic sources for six estuaries along the NE Brazilian coast. Aquaculture 253:433-446. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.09.005
Dewanti, L. P. P., I. D. N. N. Putra, and E. Faiqoh. 2018. Hubungan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman fitoplankton dengan kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman zooplankton di Perairan Pulau Serangan, Bali. J.Mar.Aquat.Sci. 4 (2):324-335
Dwirastina M and A. Atminarso 2021. Evaluation of the Conditions of Mamberamo River Water with Biomass and Phytoplankton Community Approach. Jurnal Ilmia Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. 13 (1):38-47. DOI=10.20473/jipk.v13i1.17565.
Emabye E, and T. Alemayo 2020. Study on Physico-chemical parameters in relation to species composition and abundance of zooplankton and water quality of Rift Valley Lake. Intl J Innov Appl Stud. 28: 93-24
Fachrul, M. 2007. Metode Sampling. Bumi Aksara, Jakarta, Indonesia
Fariñas, T. H., Bacher, C., Soudant, D., Belin, C., and L., Barillé, 2015. Assesing phytoplankton realized niches using a french national phytoplankton monitoring network. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 159:15-27
Hemaiswarya, S., Raja, R., Ravi Kumar, R., Ganesan, V. and C. Anbazhagan, 2011. Microalgae: a sustainable feed source for aquaculture. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 27:1737–46
Hilaluddin F, Yusoff F. M, Natrah F.M.I, and P. T. Lim 2020. Disturbance of mangrove forests causes alterations in estuarine phytoplankton community structure in Malaysian Matang mangrove forests. Mar Environ Res. 158:1-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104935
Husada R.H.S.Y, Sari L.A, and A.M. Sahidu Business analysis of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture in traditional ponds with monoculture system in Sedati, Sidoarjo. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 718 (1):1-10. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/718/1/012021
Islamy A. R, and V. Hasan 2020. Checklist of mangrove snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in south coast of pamekasan, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 21 (7):3127–3134. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210733.
Isroni W, Islamy R. A, Musa M, and P.Wijanarko 2019. Short communication: Species composition and density of mangrove forest in Kedawang village, Pasuruan, east Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas. 20 (6):1688– 1692. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200626
Jones AB, O’Donohue MJ, Udy J, Dennison WC. 2001. Assessing ecological impacts of shrimp and sewage effluent: Biological indicators with standard water quality analyses. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 52:91-109. DOI: 10.1006/ecss.2000.0729
Kamilia, H., Sasmito, B. B., & Masithah, E.D. 2021. Phytoplankton and Its Relationship to White Leg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Culture Productivity in Alasbulu, Banyuwangi. The Journal of Experimental ife Sciences. 11 (2):43-48
Kibria ASM, Haque MM. 2018. Potentials of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) in fresh water ponds in Bangladesh. Aquac Rep. 11:8-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.05.004
Krebs, C. 1985. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance, 6th Edition. Harper Collins Publisher, New York
Kurasawa, H., & Shiraishi, Y. 1954. Studies on the biological production of Lake Suwa. Research Institute of Natural Resources. 33:22-57
Kusuma WA, Prayitno S.B, and R.W. Ariyanti 2017. Kajian kesesuaian lahan tambak udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Kecamatan Cijulang dan Parigi, Pangandaran, Jawa Barat dengan penerapan aplikasi sistem informasi geografis. J Aquac Manag Technol. 4:95-100
Landesman L. 1994. The 1980. witnessed a remarkable growth in shrimp farming, particularly in tropical regions of the world. The practice of culturing shrimp in ponds with artificial stocking of shrimp seed (post larvae), feeding with specially formulated feeds and harvest f. Word Aquac. 25:12-17
Landesman R, Parker N.C, Fedler C.B, and M. Konikoff 2005. Modeling duckweed growth in waste water treatment systems. Livest Res Rural Dev. 17:1-7
Leliaert F. 2019. Green algae: Chlorophyta and streptophyta. In: Schaechter M (eds). Encyclopedia of Microbiology. Academic Press, United States
Li, W.K., McLaughlin, F. A., Lovejoy, C., and E.C., Carmack, 2009. Smallest algae thrive as the arctic ocean freshens. Science 326:539
Lightner, D.V., 2005. Biosecurity in shrimp farming: pathogenexclusion through use of SPF stock and routine surveillance. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 36 (3):229-248
Lio-Po, G. D., Leaño, E. M.., Peñaranda, M. M. D., Villa-Franco, A. U., Sombito, C. D., Guanzon Jr., N. G., 2005. Anti-luminous Vibrio factors associated with the green water grow-out culture of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 250 (1-2):1-7
Lisna, Fitriadi R, Masyitha and J, Nurhayati. 2018. Species composition of the mangrove in Lambur Luar Village, East Sabak, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Timur, Indonesia. Intl J. Sci Technol Res. 7:52-57
Lukwambe B, Nicholaus R, Zhang D, Yang W, Zhu J, and Z. Zheng 2019. Successional changes of microalgae community in response to commercial probiotics in the intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone) culture systems. Aquaculture. 511:5-11. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734257
Muller-Feuga, A. 2000. The role of microalgae in aquaculture: situa-tion and trends.J. Appl. Physiol. 12:527–34
Nafisyah AL, Masithah ED, Matsuoka K, Lamid M, Alamsjah M. A. O-hara S, Koike, K. 2018. Cryptic occurrence of Chattonella marina var. marina in mangrove sediments in Probolinggo, East Java Province, Indonesia. Fisheries Science. 84 (5):877–887. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12562-018-1219-0
Nehemia A, Chen M, Kochzius M, Dehairs F, and N. Brion 2019. Ecological impact of salt farming in mangroves on the habitat and food sources of Austruca occidentalis and Littoraria subvittata. J Sea Res. 146:24- 32. DOI: 10.1016/j.seares.2019.01.004
Ni M, Yuan J, Lin, Liu M, Gu Z. 2018. Assessment of water quality and phytoplankton community of Limpenaeus vannamei pond in intertidal zone of Hangzhou Bay, China. Aquac Rep 1153-1158. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.06.002
Nindarwi D. D., Rochman A. N, Tsany M.R.N., Rachmawati V. and E. D. Masithah 2019. Study of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) treatment on the dynamics of pH, COD N/P Ratio and plankton abundance. Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health. 8 (2):72-79
Nurrachmi, I., Amin, B., Siregar, S. H., and M. Galib, 2021. Plankton Community Structure and Water Environment Conditions in The Pelintung Industry Area, Dumai. Journal of Coastal and Ocean Sciences. 2 (1):15–27. https://doi.org/10.31258/jocos.2.1.15-27. 44.Odum, E.P. 1993. Fundamental of Ecology. Gadjah Mada University,Yogyakarta
Pérez-Morales, A., Bnd-Schmidt, C. J., Martinez-Diaz, S.F., 2017. Mortality on zoea stage of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei caused by Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Dinophyceae) and Chattonella spp. (Raphidophyceae). Mar. Biol. 164 (3):1-10
Pertiwi EW, and E. D Masithah, Suciyono. 2021p Assessment of Seasonal Waters Quality Based on Abundance, Diversity, and Domination of Phytoplankton in Bajulmati Reservoir. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 679 (1). doi:10.1088/1755-1315/679/1/012064.
Phillips, M. J., C. Kwei Lin, and M. C. M. Bever- idge. 1993. Shrimp culture and the environment: lessons from the world’s most rapidly expanding warm water aquaculture sector. Pages 171-197 in R. S. V. Pullin, H. Rosenthal, and J. L. Maclean, editors, Environment and aquaculture in devel- oping countries. International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, Manila, The Philippines
Pulz, O., and W., Gross, 2004. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 65 (6):635–648
Qiao L, Chang Z, Li J, Chen Z. 2020. Phytoplankton community succession in relation to water quality changes in the indoor industrial aquaculture system for Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 527: 1-15. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735441
Rahayu, S. Y. S., Widiyati, A., Hotimah, L., Riset, B., Budidaya, P., & Tawar, A. 2007. Kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman jenis plankton secara stratifikasi di perairan keramba jaring apung, waduk cirata. 7 (2):9–18
Rahmah, I. I., Laili, S., and R. D. Lisminingsih, 2022. Analisis Struktur Komunitas Fitoplankton pada Perairan Tambak Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Kecamatan Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik. Jurnal SAINS ALAMI (Known Nature). 4 (2):49-59
Roy, S.S., and R., Pal, 2015. Microalgae in aquaculture: a review with special references to nutritional value and fish dietetics. Proceed. Zool. Soc. 68 (1):1-8
Samocha T, and A. L. Lawrence 1997. Shrimp farms’ effluent waters, environmental impact and potential treatment methods. Interactions between Cultured Species and Naturally Occurring Species in the Environment. 24:33-58
Shirota, A. 1966. The plankton of South Vietnam: freshwater and marine plankton, volume II. Japanese Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Silva, E. I. L. 2004. Phytoplankton Characteristics, Throphic Evolution and Nutrient Dynamics in an Urban Eutrophic Lake: Kandy Lake in Sri Lanka. In M. V. Reddy (Ed.), Restoration and Management of Tropical Eutrophic Lakes (pp. 219-260). New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing
Sinden, A., and S. C., Sinang, 2016. Cyanobacteria in aquaculture systems: linking the occurrence, abundance, and toxicity with rising temperatures. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13 (120):2855-2862
Singh A, and M. Kumar 2021. Depicting the seasonal and spatial sensitivity of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton in the Bayof Bengal, India. Mar Pollut Bull 169:1-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112554
Tragin M, and D. Vaulot 2018. Green microalgae in marine coastal waters: The Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) dataset. Sci Rep. 8:1-12. DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-32338-w
Turner, J.W., Good, B., Cole, D., Lipp, E. K., 2009. Plankton composition and environmental factors contribute to Vibrrio seasonality. ISME J. 3 (9):1082
Umami RI, Hariyati R, and S. Utami 2018. Keanekaragaman fitoplankton pada tambak udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Tireman Kabupaten Rembang Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Biologi. 7:27-32
Uttah, E. C., Uttah, C., Akpan, P. A., Ikpeme, E. M., Ogbeche, J., Usip, L., and J. Asor, 2008. Bio-survey of plankton as indicators of water quality for recreational activities in Calabar River, Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. 12 (2):35-42
Widyarini, H., and N. T. M. Pratiwi dan Sulistiono. 2017. Zooplankton Community Structure at Majakerta Estuarya and its Surrounding Waters, Indramayu Regency, West Java Province. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis. 9 (1):91-103.
Yamaji, I. 1986. Illustrations of The Marine Plankton of Japan. Hoikusha, Japan
Yang W, Zhu J, Zheng C, Lukwambe B, Nicholaus R, Lu K, Zheng Z. 2020. Succession of phytoplankton community during intensive shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) cultivation and its effects on cultivation systems. Aquaculture. 520: 74733. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.734733
Yusoff F. M, Zubaidah M. S, Matias H. B, and T. S. Kwan 2002. Phytoplankton succession in intensive marine shrimp culture ponds treated with a commercial bacterial product. Aquac Res. 33:269-278. DOI: 10.1046/j.1355-557x.2002.00671.
Zeng, J. G., and X. M.Jiang, 2010. Dynamic study of the phytoplankton in the white shrimp culture ponds. Ecol. Sci. 29 (1):14-21.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.