EFFECT OF UNCONVENTIONAL PEREMIX ON THE PRODUCTIVE, MICROBIAL AND HISTOLOGICAL TRAITS OF BROILER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/rfqn4t66Keywords:
Amino Acids, Enzyme, Medicinal Herbs, Potato Peels, ProbioticAbstract
This study examined the effect of replacing local feed mixture with protein concentrate in broiler feed on production, histological, and microbial characteristics. The study was conducted on 200 one-day-old broiler chicks of Ross 308, randomly divided into four treatments, 50 chicks per treatment, with five replicates and 10 chicks per replicate. The control treatment (T1) was fed 5% protein concentrate, while the protein concentrate in the other treatments (T4, T3, T2) was replaced with protein concentrate in varying proportions (2%, 2.5%, 3%). The feed mixture contains several components, including the carrier materials, which are potato peels at a rate of 33%, and active materials, which are a group of amino acids represented by (methionine, lysine and threonine) and a group of herbs represented by (turmeric, cumin, anise, coriander, cinnamon) in addition to a biological enzyme, a biological antitoxin and probiotic in addition to a mixture of vitamins, minerals and oil. The results showed no significant differences in body weight, feed consumption, weight gain, or feed conversion ratio at the age of (0-39 days). As for the fourth treatment, it led to a significant decrease in the number of bacteria and an increase in villi length. The study concluded that it is possible to replace 3% local feed with 5% imported protein concentrate without negative effects on broiler chickens.
Received: 12/9/2024
Accepted: 22/12/2024
Published: 30/6/2026
References
Al-Mashhadani, H. A. (2018). The effect of adding different levels of $beta$-mannanase to the broiler rations in some productive and physiological traits. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.21608/epsj.2018.17103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/epsj.2018.17103
Amagloh, F. C., Kaaya, A. N., Yada, B., Chelangat, D. M., Katungisa, A., Amagloh, F. K., & Tumuhimbise, G. A. (2022). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in peeled and unpeeled sweetpotato roots of different varieties and clones in Uganda. Future Foods, 6, Article 100183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100183 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100183
Beski, S. S., Swick, R. A., & Iji, P. A. (2015). Specialised protein products in broiler chicken nutrition: A review. School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, 4–5.
Bhanja, S. K., Sudhagar, M., Goel, A., Pandey, N., Mehra, S. K., Agarwal, & Mandal, A. (2014). Differential expression of growth and immunity related genes influenced by in ovo supplementation of amino acids in broiler chickens. Czech Journal of Animal Science, 59(9), 399–408. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/7651-CJAS
Chiang, G., Lu, W. Q., Piao, X. S., Hu, J. K., Gong, L. M., & Thacker, P. A. (2009). Effects of feeding solid-state fermented rapeseed meal on performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal ecology and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 23(2), 263–271. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90145 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2010.90145
Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
Dvořáková, J. (1998). Phytase: Sources, preparation and exploitation. Folia Microbiologica, 43(4), 323–338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02818571
Gardiner, G. E., Heinemann, C., Baroja, M. L., Bruce, A. W., Beuerman, D., Madrenas, J., & Reid, G. (2002). Oral administration of the probiotic combination Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 for human intestinal applications. International Dairy Journal, 12(2–3), 191–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00138-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-6946(01)00138-8
Jamroz, D., Wertelecki, T., Houszka, M., & Kamel, C. (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 90(5–6), 255–268. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00603.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00603.x
Konieczka, P., Tykałowski, B., Ognik, K., Kinsner, M., Szkopek, D., Wójcik, M., Mikulski, D., & Jankowski, J. (2022). Increased arginine, lysine, and methionine levels can improve the performance, gut integrity and immune status of turkeys but the effect is interactive and depends on challenge conditions. Veterinary Research, 53(1), Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-022-01080-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-022-01080-7
Kumar, P., & Dubey, K. K. (2019). Current perspectives and future strategies for fructooligosaccharides production through membrane bioreactor. In Applied Microbiology and Bioengineering (pp. 185–202). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815407-6.00010-1
Lee, C. Y., Song, A. A. L., Loh, T. C., & Rahim, R. A. (2020). Effects of lysine and methionine in a low crude protein diet on the growth performance and gene expression of immunity genes in broilers. Poultry Science, 99(6), 2916–2925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.013
Li, Z., Ren, Z., Zhao, L., Chen, L., Yu, Y., Wang, D., Mao, X., Cao, G., Zhao, Z., & Yang, H. (2023). Unique roles in health promotion of dietary flavonoids through gut microbiota regulation: Current understanding and future perspectives. Food Chemistry, 399, Article 133959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133959 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133959
Milan, K. M., Dholakia, H., Tiku, P. K., & Vishveshwaraiah, P. (2008). Enhancement of digestive enzymatic activity by cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) and role of spent cumin as a bionutrient. Food Chemistry, 110(3), 678–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.062
Predescu, N. C., Stefan, G., Rosu, M. P., & Papuc, C. (2024). Fermented feed in broiler diets reduces the antinutritional factors, improves productive performances and modulates gut microbiome: A review. Agriculture, 14(10), Article 1752. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14101752
Rostami, H., & Giri, A. (2013). An overview on microbial phytase and its biotechnological applications. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research, 4(1), 62–71.
Scoters, S., Mylo, A., & Capps, K. (2000). Validation of a method for the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in foods. Food Control, 11(2), 85–95. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-7135(99)00065-1
Such, N., Pál, L., Strifler, P., Horváth, B., Koltay, I. A., Rawash, M. A., Farkas, V., Mezőlaki, Á., Wágner, L., & Dublecz, K. (2021). Effect of feeding low protein diets on the production traits and the nitrogen composition of excreta of broiler chickens. Agriculture, 11(8), Article 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080781 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080781
Yang, J., Wang, X., Zhang, C., Ma, L., Wei, T., Zhao, Y., & Peng, X. (2021). Comparative study of inhibition mechanisms of structurally different flavonoid compounds on $alpha$-glucosidase and synergistic effect with acarbose. Food Chemistry, 347, Article 129056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129056
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmed K.H. Hussein, H . A . Al – Mashhadani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2.jpg)
