DETECTION OF GENETIC VARIATION OF IGF1R GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMIC TRAITS OF GOAT.

Authors

  • Ali J. Shlaka Department of Animal Production / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad
  • Wasan J. Al-Khazraji Department of Animal Production / College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences / University of Baghdad
  • Ali N. Abdullah Office of Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36103/vk4m1w12

Keywords:

body measurements, genotypic variation, goat genetics

Abstract

The field component of this study was conducted at the Ruminant Research Station affiliated with the Agricultural Research Department, Ministry of Agriculture, using a sample of 79 goats (32 Shami and 47 local). The laboratory phase was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, and the Advanced Scientific Laboratory for Genetic and Molecular Gene Technologies, with the aim of extracting genomic DNA. The experiment spanned from November 1, 2023, to May 1, 2024.The study focused on the IGF1R gene, specifically examining exon 12, intron 12, and exon 13, covering a 910-base-pair region. Results revealed two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the analyzed region: G267514A and G267782A. Analysis of the G267514A mutation in local goats identified three genotypes: wild-type (GG) at 71.1%, heterozygous (GA) at 26.67%, and mutant (AA) at 2.22%, with allele frequencies of 84% for G and 16% for A. In Shami goats, this mutation exhibited only two genotypes: wild-type (GG) at 93.75% and heterozygous (GA) at 6.25%, with allele frequencies of 97% for G and 3% for A.The study highlighted significant genetic variation between Shami and local goats regarding the G267514A mutation. This mutation influenced body dimensions, fertility rate, and milk production season length in local goats, while showing negligible effects in Shami goats. The G267782A mutation, however, showed no association with any production traits in either breed..

Received: 16/11/2024

Accepted: 9/2/2025

Published: 30/6/2026

References

Abd El-Hack, M. E., Abdelnour, S. A., Swelum, A. A., & Arif, M. (2018). The application of gene marker-assisted selection and proteomics for the best meat quality criteria and body measurements in Qinchuan cattle breed. Molecular Biology Reports, 45(5), 1445–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4211-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-018-4211-y

Abuzzahab, M. J., Schneider, A., Goddard, A., Grigorescu, F., Lautier, C., Keller, E., ... & Chernausek, S. D. (2003). IGF-I receptor mutations resulting in intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(23), 2211–2222. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa01010107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa010107

Adams, T. E., Epa, V. C., Garrett, P. J., & Ward, C. W. (2000). Structure and function of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 57(7), 1050–1093. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000744 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00000744

Adjassin, J. S., Assani, A. S., Worogo, H. S. S., Alabi, C. D. A., Assogba, B. G. C., Azando, E. B. V., & Alkoiret, I. T. (2022). Impact of heat stress on reproductive performances in dairy goats under tropical sub-humid environment. Heliyon, 8(2), Article e08971. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08971

Alex, P., Kanakkaparambil, R., Gopalakrishnan, R., Ramasamy, C., & Thazhathuveettil, A. (2023). The effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphism on growth and milk production traits in two native Indian tropical goat breeds. Animal Biotechnology, 34(9), 4828–4836. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2023.2197468 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10495398.2023.2197468

Alves, A. P. N. R., Fernandes, J. C., Fenerich, B. A., Coelho-Silva, J. L., Scheucher, P. S., Simões, B. P., ... & Traina, F. (2019). IGF1R/IRS1 targeting has cytotoxic activity and inhibits PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Cancer Letters, 456, 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.030 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2019.04.030

Cadoret, A., Rey, C., Wendum, D., Elriz, K., Tronche, F., Holzenberger, M., & Housset, C. (2009). IGF-1R contributes to stress-induced hepatocellular damage in experimental cholestasis. The American Journal of Pathology, 175(2), 627–635. https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2009.081081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2353/ajpath.2009.081081

Danso, F., Iddrisu, L., Lungu, S. E., Zhou, G., & Ju, X. (2024). Effects of heat stress on goat production and mitigating strategies: A review. Animals, 14(12), Article 1793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121793

Deori, S., Abedin, S. N., Chakravarty, H., Das, S., Katiyar, R., & Doley, S. (2024). Exploring the link between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and body trait measurements in prepubertal goat kids in a humid subtropical climate. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 58(5), 759–764. https://doi.org/10.18805/IJAR.B-5146 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/IJAR.B-5146

Ding, N., Tian, X., Li, X., Zhang, Z., Tian, F., Liu, S., ... & Zhao, K. (2022). Genetic polymorphisms of IGF1 and IGF1R genes and their effects on growth traits in Hulun Buir sheep. Genes, 13(4), Article 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040666 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/genes13040666

Dodgson, J. B., Cheng, H. H., & Okimoto, R. O. (1997). DNA marker technology: A revolution in animal genetics. Poultry Science, 76(8), 1108–1114. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.8.1108 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/76.8.1108

Duncan, D. B. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11(1), 1–42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478

Gamaniel, I. B., & Gwaza, D. S. (2017). Molecular characterization of animal genetics resources, its potential for use in developing countries. Journal of Genetics and Genetic Engineering, 1(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.22259/2637-5370.0101006

Gannagé-Yared, M. H., Klammt, J., Chouery, E., Corbani, S., Mégarbané, H., Abou Ghoch, J., ... & Mégarbané, A. (2013). Homozygous mutation of the IGF1 receptor gene in a patient with severe pre-and postnatal growth failure and congenital malformations. European Journal of Endocrinology, 168(1), K1–K7. https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-12-0701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-12-0701

Grochowska, E., Lisiak, D., Akram, M. Z., Adeniyi, O. O., Lühken, G., & Borys, B. (2021). Association of a polymorphism in exon 3 of the IGF1R gene with growth, body size, slaughter and meat quality traits in Colored Polish Merino sheep. Meat Science, 172, Article 108314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108314 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108314

Karaca, F., Tasal, I., & Alan, M. U. (2009). Preliminary report on induction of estrus with multiple eCG injections in Colored Mohair goats during the anestrus season. Animal Reproduction Science, 114(1-3), 306–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.08.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.08.010

Karadag, O. (2022). The polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) gene in meat-type lambs in Turkey: I. Effect on growth traits and body measurements. Small Ruminant Research, 215, Article 106765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106765 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106765

Liang, C., Yan, P., Yao, Y., Pei, J., Guo, X., Zeng, Y., ... & Chu, M. (2010). A novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the IGF1R gene and the association with growth traits in yak (brief report). Archives Animal Breeding, 53(5), 626–628. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-626-2010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-626-2010

Luo, J., Qin, F., Deng, C., Li, F., Li, W., & Yue, X. (2019). Polymorphisms of IGF-IR gene and their association with economic traits in two indigenous Chinese dairy goat breeds. Gene, 695, 51–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.039

NCBI Gene Database. (n.d.). INSR-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/281848

Olawumi, S., & Farinnako, A. (2017). Evaluation of the relationship between body weight and linear measurements in West African Dwarf goat as influenced by sex and agro-vegetational zone. Science International, 5(2), 63–67. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=sciintl.2017.63.67 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17311/sciintl.2017.63.67

Othman, O. E., Abdel-Samad, M. F., & El-Maaty, N. A. A. (2016). Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-I gene polymorphism in Egyptian small ruminant breeds. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(48), 2714–2719. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15727 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15727

Ren, G., Ali, T., Chen, W., Han, D., Zhang, L., Gu, X., ... & Han, B. (2016). The role of selenium in insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) expression and regulation of apoptosis in mouse osteoblasts. Chemosphere, 144, 2158–2164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.003

Rodríguez-Borbón, A., Medrano, J. F., Thomas, M. G., Enns, R. M., Speidel, S. E., Torres-Simental, J. F., ... & Luna-Nevárez, P. (2023). Polymorphisms within the IGF1 and IGF1R genes associated with superovulation-related traits in Holstein dairy cows managed in a semiarid environment. Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology, 11(4), Article 2023029. https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23029 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.23029

SAS Institute. (2012). SAS/STAT user's guide (Version 9.3). SAS Institute Inc.

Sejian, V., Silpa, M. V., Reshma Nair, M. R., Devaraj, C., Krishnan, G., Bagath, M., ... & Bhatta, R. (2021). Heat stress and goat welfare: Adaptation and production considerations. Animals, 11(4), Article 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041021

Sharma, P., Doultani, S., Hadiya, K. K., George, L. B., & Highland, H. N. (2024). Overview of marker-assisted selection in animal breeding. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 27(5), 303–318. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i5790 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i5790

Shen, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Yan, Y., Liu, Y., & Cai, J. (2015). Diagnostic value of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in growth hormone deficiency: A systematic review with meta-analysis. European Journal of Pediatrics, 174(4), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2406-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2406-3

Slaaby, R., Schaffer, L., Lautrup-Larsen, I., Andersen, A. S., Shaw, A. C., Mathiasen, I. S., & Brandt, J. (2006). Hybrid receptors formed by insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) have low insulin and high IGF-1 affinity irrespective of the IR splice variant. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 281(36), 25869–25874. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M605189200 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M605189200

Spicer, L. J., & Echternkamp, S. E. (1995). The ovarian insulin and insulin-like growth factor system with an emphasis on domestic animals. Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 12(3), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/0739-7240(95)00021-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0739-7240(95)00021-6

Szewczuk, M. (2016a). Effects of SNP within exon 7 of the insulin-like growth factor receptor type 1 (IGF1R) gene on growth traits in Angus cows. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(4), 585–593. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001407

Szewczuk, M. (2016b). The association of four polymorphisms within the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor gene with milk production traits in Simmental cows. Annals of Animal Science, 16(4), 1029–1044. https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2016-0022

Szewczuk, M. A., & Kulig, H. (2020). Association of selected polymorphic sites in the IGF1R gene with body weight and conformation of Hereford cattle. Animal Science and Genetics, 16(1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0504 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0504

Talebi, R., Ghaffari, M. R., Zeinalabedini, M., Abdoli, R., & Mardi, M. (2022). Genetic basis of muscle‐related traits in sheep: A review. Animal Genetics, 53(6), 723–739. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13266 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13266

Tang, J., Ma, Y., Yang, Y., Jiang, X., Li, L., Lan, X., ... & Chen, H. (2021). A novel 28-bp indel in IGF1R gene associated with growth traits across four Chinese cattle breeds. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 159(9-10), 762–768. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859622000028 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859622000028

Wang, P., Ye, X., Liu, Z., Gong, B., Yang, Y., Zhang, D., & Shi, Y. (2017). Association of IGF1 and IGF1R gene polymorphisms with high myopia in a Han Chinese population. Ophthalmic Genetics, 38(2), 122–126. https://doi.org/10.3109/13816810.2016.1145699 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/13816810.2016.1145699

Wray, N. R., & Visscher, P. M. (2015). Quantitative genetics of disease traits. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 132(2), 198–203. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12153

Yakar, S., Courtland, H. W., & Clemmons, D. (2010). IGF-1 and bone: New discoveries from mouse models. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 25(12), 2543–2552. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.234

Zhang, T., Gao, H., Sahana, G., Zan, Y., Fan, H., Liu, J., ... & Zhao, F. (2019). Genome‐wide association studies revealed candidate genes for tail fat deposition and body size in the Hulun Buir sheep. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 136(5), 362–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbg.12402

Downloads

Published

2026-06-30

Issue

Vol. 57 No. 6 (2026)

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Ali J. Shlaka , Wasan J. Al-Khazraji , Ali N. Abdullah

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite

Shlaka , A. J., Al-Khazraji , W. J., & Abdullah , A. N. (2026). DETECTION OF GENETIC VARIATION OF IGF1R GENE POLYMORPHISM AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH ECONOMIC TRAITS OF GOAT. IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 57(6), 1742-1751. https://doi.org/10.36103/vk4m1w12