REMOVAL OF TETRACYCLINE BY ADSORPTION ON NATURAL BENTONITE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/rk3t3509Keywords:
adsorption, Bentonite, clay, TetracyclineAbstract
Natural bentonite's potential as a sustainable solution for removing environmental contaminants makes it a promising candidate for addressing agricultural water quality challenges. This study evaluates whether natural bentonite can adsorb tetracycline (TC) from water-based solutions, offering a viable approach to improving water quality in agricultural settings. Under conditions of pH 7, 80 mg/L of tetracycline, 1 g/100 mL of natural bentonite, a 120-minute reaction period, 200 rpm of agitation, and a temperature of 25°C, the bentonite effectively adsorbed tetracycline. Analytical techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), were used to characterize the bentonite, revealing a surface area of 37.13 m²/g. The isotherm study showed that the sorption of tetracycline onto NB fitted the Langmuir isotherm model with coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.961. Our findings underscore the applicability of natural bentonite for mitigating antibiotic contamination in wastewater.
Received: 12/12/2024
Accepted: 23/3/2025
Published:30/6/2026
References
Aftab, S., Iqbal, M. Z., Hussain, S., Kabir, F., Al‐Kahtani, A. A., & Hegazy, H. H. (2023). Quantum junction solar cells: Development and prospects. Advanced Functional Materials, 33(38), 2303449. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303449 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202303449
Ajemba, R. O. (2012). Modification of the physico-chemical properties of udi clay mineral to enhance its adsorptive capacity. Pelagia Research Library: Advances in Applied Science Research, 3(4), 2042-2049. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100674
Al-Ajeel, A. W. A., Abdullah, S. N., & Al-Dahan, D. K. (2014). Upgrading of montmorillonite claystone from Wadi Bashira, West Iraq, by carrier flotation. Iraqi Bulletin of Geology and Mining, 10(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100674 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100674
Saad Algarni, T., & Al-Mohaimeed, A. M. (2022). Water purification by adsorption of pigments or pollutants via metaloxide. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 34(8), 102339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102339 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2022.102339
Al-Hassan, M. J. A., Ati, A. S., & Hussein, H. H. (2023, April). Spatial Distribution of Soil Quality and Health Index for the Umm Al-Naaj Marsh in Maysan. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1158, No. 2, p. 022039). IOP Publishing. 10.1088/1755-1315/1158/2/022039 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1158/2/022039
Al-Shami, Y. A. O., & Al-Temimi, M. I. A. (2022). The Effect of the Use of Subsurface Water Retention Technology (SWRT) in the available content of nutrients in the soil under the subsurface drip irrigation system and for different Management Treatments. Sumer Journal for Pure Science, 1(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.64333/MJAE.25.1.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.64333/MJAE.25.1.5
Alshammari, M., Al Juboury, M. F., Naji, L. A., Faisal, A. A., Zhu, H., Al-Ansari, N., & Naushad, M. (2020). Synthesis of a novel composite sorbent coated with siderite nanoparticles and its application for remediation of water contaminated with Congo red dye. International Journal of Environmental Research, 14(2), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-020-00245-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742-020-00245-6
Althobaity, Y., Wu, J., & Tildesley, M. J. (2022). Non-pharmaceutical interventions and their relevance in the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Saudi Arabia and Arab Gulf countries. Infectious Disease Modelling, 7(3), 545-560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2022.08.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idm.2022.08.005
Ao, X., Sun, W., Li, S., Yang, C., Li, C., & Lu, Z. (2019). Degradation of tetracycline by medium pressure UV-activated peroxymonosulfate process: influencing factors, degradation pathways, and toxicity evaluation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 361, 1053-1062. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.133 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.133
Aziz, T., Farid, A., Haq, F., Kiran, M., Ullah, N., Faisal, S., ... & Show, P. L. (2023). Role of silica-based porous cellulose nanocrystals in improving water absorption and mechanical properties. Environmental Research, 222, 115253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115253. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.115253
Berhe, M. T., Berhe, G. G., Cheru, M. S., & Weldehans, M. G. (2024). Characterization of acid activation of bentonite clay of Hadar, Afar, Ethiopia. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2024(1), 6413786. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6413786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6413786
Chen, S., Mao, X., & Wang, C. (2019). A modified Green-Ampt model and parameter determination for water infiltration in fine-textured soil with coarse interlayer. Water, 11(4), 787. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040787. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/w11040787
Corbett, H. J., & Mullassery, D. (2015). Outcomes of endopyelotomy for pelviureteric junction obstruction in the paediatric population: a systematic review. Journal of Pediatric Urology, 11(6), 328-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.08.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2015.08.014
Faisal, A. A., & Naji, L. A. (2019). Simulation of ammonia nitrogen removal from simulated wastewater by sorption onto waste foundry sand using artificial neural network. Association of Arab Universities Journal of Engineering Sciences, 26(1), 28-34. https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.1.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33261/jaaru.2019.26.1.004
Faisal, R. A., Jobe, M. C., Ahmed, O., & Sharker, T. (2022). Mental health status, anxiety, and depression levels of Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of mental health and addiction, 20(3), 1500-1515. 10.1007/s11469-020-00458-y. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00458-y
Khan, M. H., Bae, H., & Jung, J. Y. (2010). Tetracycline degradation by ozonation in the aqueous phase: proposed degradation intermediates and pathway. Journal of hazardous materials, 181(1-3), 659-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.063
Hsu, L. C., Liu, Y. T., Syu, C. H., Huang, M. H., Tzou, Y. M., & Teah, H. Y. (2018). Adsorption of tetracycline on Fe (hydr) oxides: effects of pH and metal cation (Cu2+, Zn2+ and Al3+) addition in various molar ratios. Royal Society Open Science, 5(3). 10.1098/rsos.171941 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171941
Huang, G., Chen, D., Li, T., Wu, F., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017). Multi-scale dense networks for resource efficient image classification. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.09844. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1703.09844
Huang, Z., Li, Y., Chen, W., Shi, J., Zhang, N., Wang, X., ... & Zhang, Y. (2017). Modified bentonite adsorption of organic pollutants of dye wastewater. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 202, 266-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.09.028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.09.028
Ikhtiyarova, G. A., Özcan, A. S., Gök, Ö., & Özcan, A. (2012). Characterization of natural-and organobentonite by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and thermal analysis techniques and its adsorption behaviour in aqueous solutions. Clay Minerals, 47(1), 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2012.047.1.31 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2012.047.1.31
Jeeva, M. A. R. K., & Zuhairi, W. W. (2018). Adsorption of acid orange 33 dye by bentonite and surfactant modified bentonite. Asian J Chem, 30(11), 2383-2388. https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.21309
Jeeva, M., Boobalan, M. S., & Prabhu, G. V. (2018). Adsorption and anticorrosion behavior of 1-((pyridin-2-ylamino) (pyridin-4-yl) methyl) pyrrolidine-2, 5-dione on mild steel surface in hydrochloric acid solution. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 44(1), 425-454. 10.1007/s11164-017-3112-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-017-3112-3
Jin, X., Zha, S., Li, S., & Chen, Z. (2014). Simultaneous removal of mixed contaminants by organoclays—Amoxicillin and Cu (II) from aqueous solution. Applied Clay Science, 102, 196-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.09.040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.09.040
Lan, L., Kong, X., Sun, H., Li, C., & Liu, D. (2019). High removal efficiency of antibiotic resistance genes in swine wastewater via nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes. Journal of environmental management, 231, 439-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.073. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.073
Leyva-Ramos, R., Jacobo-Azuara, A., & Martínez-Costa, J. I. (2021). Organoclays. Fundamentals and applications for removing toxic pollutants from water solution. In Porous Materials: Theory and Its Application for Environmental Remediation (pp. 341-363). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65991-2_13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65991-2_13
Mohammed Ameen, S. S., Qasim, F. O., Alhasan, H. S., Hama Aziz, K. H., & Omer, K. M. (2023). Intrinsic dual-state emission zinc-based MOF rodlike nanostructures with applications in smartphone readout visual-based detection for tetracycline: MOF-based color tonality. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 15(39), 46098-46107. 10.1021/acsami.3c11950 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c11950
Mohammed, Z. M., & Salim, S. B. (2023). Assessment of Two Methods for Predicting Soil Retention Relationship from Basic Soil Properties. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 24. 10.12912/27197050/166012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/166012
Mullassery, M. D., Fernandez, N. B., & Anirudhan, T. S. (2015). Adsorptive removal of acid red from aqueous solutions by cationic surfactant-modified bentonite clay. Desalination and Water Treatment, 56(7), 1929-1939. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.958110 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.958110
Naji, H. S., & Ati, A. S. (2019). A re-saturation impact on soil retention curve for five different textured soils. Biochemical & Cellular Archives, 19(2). 10.35124/bca.2019.19.2.3087
Naji, L. A., Faisal, A. A., Rashid, H. M., Naushad, M., & Ahamad, T. (2020). Environmental remediation of synthetic leachate produced from sanitary landfills using low-cost composite sorbent. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 18, 100680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.100680
Ortúzar, M., Esterhuizen, M., Olicón-Hernández, D. R., González-López, J., & Aranda, E. (2022). Pharmaceutical pollution in aquatic environments: a concise review of environmental impacts and bioremediation systems. Frontiers in microbiology, 13, 869332. 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.869332
Raza, W., Faisal, S. M., Owais, M., Bahnemann, D., & Muneer, M. (2016). Facile fabrication of highly efficient modified ZnO photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic, antibacterial and anticancer activity. RSC advances, 6(82), 78335-78350. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA06774C DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA06774C
Tiwari, A., Shukla, A., Tiwari, D., & Lee, S. M. (2019). Au-nanoparticle/nanopillars TiO2 meso-porous thin films in the degradation of tetracycline using UV-A light. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry, 69, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.027. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.027
Wang, Y., Feng, H., Zhang, Y., Lin, C., Zheng, L., Ji, W., & Han, X. (2019). Suppression effects of hydroxy acid modified montmorillonite powders on methane explosions. Energies, 12(21), 4068. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214068
Wei, X., Huang, S., Yang, J., Liu, P., Li, X., Xue, R., ... & Wu, S. (2024). Adsorption of methylene blue on activated carbons prepared from penicillin mycelial residues via torrefaction and hydrothermal pretreatment. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, 14(22), 28933-28945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03998-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03998-0
Wilkinson, J., Hooda, P. S., Barker, J., Barton, S., & Swinden, J. (2017). Occurrence, fate and transformation of emerging contaminants in water: An overarching review of the field. Environmental pollution, 231, 954-970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.032
Xu, L and Zhang H.; Xiong P., Zhu. Q., Liao C., & Jiang G. 2021. Occurrence, fate, and risk assessment of typical tetracycline antibiotics in the aquatic environment: A review. Science of the total Environment, 753, 141975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141975
Yang, G., Gao, Q., Yang, S., Yin, S., Cai, X., Yu, X., ... & Fang, Y. (2020). Strong adsorption of tetracycline hydrochloride on magnetic carbon-coated cobalt oxide nanoparticles. Chemosphere, 239, 124831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124831. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124831
Yang, Y. Y., Niu, C. G., Wen, X. J., Zhang, L., Liang, C., Guo, H., ... & Zeng, G. M. (2019). Fabrication of visible-light-driven silver iodide modified iodine-deficient bismuth oxyiodides Z-scheme heterojunctions with enhanced photocatalytic activity for Escherichia coli inactivation and tetracycline degradation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 533, 636-648. 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.008
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahraa Abd alsaheb Hashem, Khalid Khazzal Hummadi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
