DEVELOPING AND TESTING A SMART AND PRECISE SYSTEM FOR PLANT FERTILIZATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/b6wxea55Keywords:
: automated fertigation,, drippers,, intelligent fertilization,, iot fertigationAbstract
The objective of this study was to increase nutrient efficiency and decrease the detrimental effects on the environment. Using automation, sensing technologies and data analysis to control the optimum distribution of fertilizers and water based on real-time crop requirements. So, sensors to determine soil nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium), as well as specific parameters like pH, moisture content and temperature were developed to create a smart system. Upon detection of nutrient deficiency, fertilizers are applied automatically or remotely using the Internet. It was conducted using three fertilization systems (automated, semi-automated and traditional) and three different types of drippers (GR, T-TAPE, EOLOS D2000).
Results showed that the automated system achieved the highest crop yield (20.71 tons/hectare) and the lowest fertilizer consumption (86.67 kg) compared to the traditional system (17.39 tons/hectare and 158.96 kg). Nutrient levels in the soil also improved, enhancing soil fertility. The findings confirm that smart fertilization enhances crop productivity, reduces fertilizer waste, and improves soil fertility, making it a sustainable and efficient option for modern agriculture.
References
Ahn, T.-I., & Son, J. E. (2011). Changes in ion balance and individual ionic contributions to EC reading at different renewal intervals of nutrient solution under EC-based nutrient control in closed-loop soilless culture for sweet peppers (Capsicum annum L.’Fiesta’). Horticultural Science & Technology, 29(1), 29–35.
Al-Mashhadani, M. A., & Shujaa, M. I. (2022). IoT security using AES encryption technology based ESP32 platform. Int. Arab J. Inf. Technol., 19, 214–223. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247072070
Anis, N., Izahar, Z., Derahman, M., Afendee, M., & Sitanggang, I. (2023). Smart fertigation system with mobile application and fuzzy logic optimization. International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration, 10(109). https://doi.org/10.19101/ijatee.2023.10102045
Artigas, J., Beltran, A., Jimenez, C., Baldi, A., Mas, R., Domınguez, C., & Alonso, J. (2001). Application of ion sensitive field effect transistor-based sensors to soil analysis. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 31(3), 281–293.
Bao, L., Zhang, S., Liang, X., Wang, P., Guo, Y., Sun, Q., Zhou, J., & Chen, Z. (2023). Intelligent drip fertigation increases water and nutrient use efficiency of watermelon in greenhouse without compromising the yield. Agricultural Water Management, 282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108278
Domingues, D. S., Takahashi, H. W., Camara, C. A. P., & Nixdorf, S. L. (2012). Automated system developed to control pH and concentration of nutrient solution evaluated in hydroponic lettuce production. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 84, 53–61.
Hu, J., Gettel, G., Fan, Z., Lv, H., Zhao, Y., Yu, Y., Wang, J., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Li, G., & Lin, S. (2021). Drip fertigation promotes water and nitrogen use efficiency and yield stability through improved root growth for tomatoes in plastic greenhouse production. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 313, 107379.
Idris, F., Latiff, A. A., Buntat, M. A., Lecthmanan, Y., & Berahim, Z. (2024). IoT-based fertigation system for agriculture. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 13(3), 1574–1581. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i3.6829
Imbernón-Mulero, A., Maestre-Valero, J. F., Martínez-Alvarez, V., García-García, F. J., Jódar-Conesa, F. J., & Gallego-Elvira, B. (2023). Evaluation of an autonomous smart system for optimal management of fertigation with variable sources of irrigation water. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1149956
Jabbar, F. A., & Jasim, A. A. (2021). Effect of the Subsurface Drip Irrigation System on the Produc-tion of the Rice Crop. https://www.iraqoaj.net/iasj/article/229417
Jasim, N. A., Abdulmajeed, O. T., & Jalal, M. A. (2022). Effective use of fertilizers and analysis of soil using precision agriculture techniques. Iraqi Journal of Soil Science, 22(1), 157–164.
Jia, B., & Fu, J. (2020). Critical nitrogen dilution curve of drip-irrigated maize at vegetative growth stage based on leaf area index. Nongye Gongcheng Xuebao, 36(6), 66–73.
Karaşahin, M., Dündar, Ö., & Samancı, A. (2018). The Way of Yield Increasing and Cost Reducing in Agriculture: Smart Irrigation and Fertigation. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 6(10), 1370–1380.
https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1370-1380.1985
Karim, F., & Karim, F. (2017). Monitoring system using web of things in precision agriculture. Procedia Computer Science, 110, 402–409.
Ko, M. T., Ahn, T. I., Cho, Y. Y., & Son, J. E. (2013). Uptake of nutrients and water by paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) as affected by renewal period of recycled nutrient solution in closed soilless culture. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 54, 412–421.
Othman, A., & Zakaria, N. H. (2020). Energy Meter based Wireless Monitoring System using Blynk Application via smartphone. 2020 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Engineering and Technology (IICAIET), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IICAIET49801.2020.9257827
Rehman, A., Saba, T., Kashif, M., Fati, S. M., Bahaj, S. A., & Chaudhry, H. (2022). A Revisit of Internet of Things Technologies for Monitoring and Control Strategies in Smart Agriculture. In Agronomy (Vol. 12, Number 1). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010127
Rogger, T., Jonathan, H., & Lindsey, K. (2024). Smart Fertilization Technology for Agricultural Efficiency in Canada. Techno Agriculturae Studium of Research, 1(1), 56–70.
Scoggins, H. L. (2005). Determination of optimum fertilizer concentration and corresponding substrate electrical conductivity for ten taxa of herbaceous perennials. HortScience, 40(5), 1504–1506.
Sharma*, Y., Tyagi, V., & Datta, P. (2020). IOT Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring System. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(9), 325–328. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.I7142.079920
Shirgure, P. (2013). Citrus fertigation-a technology of water and fertilizers saving. Scientific Journal of Crop Science, 2(5), 56–66. www.Sjournals.com
Sinha, B. B., & Dhanalakshmi, R. (2022). Recent advancements and challenges of Internet of Things in smart agriculture: A survey. In Future Generation Computer Systems (Vol. 126, pp. 169–184). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.08.006
Yang, P., Wu, L., Cheng, M., Fan, J., Li, S., Wang, H., & Qian, L. (2023). Review on drip irrigation: impact on crop yield, quality, and water productivity in China. Water, 15(9) , 1733.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Tahseen Allawi Al-Shajari, Alaa Kameel Subr
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
