OBSTACLES FACING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS TO ENHANCE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE LOCAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT OF VEGETABLES IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE

Authors

  • Abeer Ali Abdullah Dept. of Exten. and Tech. Transf. Coll. of Agric. Engin. Sci. University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Saad Obaid Fayyadh2 Dept. of Exten. and Tech. Transf. Coll. of Agric. Engin. Sci. University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36103/7rmy6881

Keywords:

Agricultural extension services,, protecting local products,, sustainable agricultural development,, vegetable crops

Abstract

The research aims to identify the obstacles facing agricultural extension workers to enhance the competitiveness of the local agricultural product of vegetables in Baghdad province. The research community included all workers in the Department of Agricultural Extension and Agricultural Training, and the Directorate of Agriculture of Baghdad\ Karkh and their number (114) workers. To achieve the research aims, a questionnaire was prepared consisting of (34) items as obstacles distributed over three areas (obstacles related to the agricultural extension aspect, obstacles related to the local agricultural product, and obstacles related to vegetable farmers). To measure these obstacles, a four-graded scale was used, consisting of four levels according to the degree of importance of the handicap to the respondent (a major handicap, a moderate handicap, a slight handicap, and an unimportant handicap), and weights were assigned to them (4, 3, 2, 1), respectively. Data was collected in October and November 2023, and the data was analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS). The results of the research showed that the obstacles suffered by the respondents were of high importance, as they obtained weighted means that ranged from (3.256 - 3.719) and these scores are much higher than the hypothetical mean of (2.5) degrees, and with a percentage weight that ranged from (81.35 - 92.97%). This means that agricultural extension workers suffer from many obstacles that hinder them from performing their work properly.

References

1. Abo Al-Enein (2019). Evaluation of the agricultural extension role of agricultural extension agents in strawberry production from farmers' point of view in Ismailia governorate, Egypt, pp:1-12 https://doi.org/10.21608/aasj.2019.9682.1001

2. Afful, D. (2020). Public extension agents' need for new competencies: evidence from acclimate variability study in Limpopo province, South Africa. JSAE, pp:59-70. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2016/v44n2a387

3. Ahmed, A. F., & Almosabbeh, I. A. (2024). An economic analysis of the role of agricultural foreign trade and exchang rates in the growth of agricultural output in Iraq (1990-2020). Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22(2). Doi:10.32649/ajas.2024.184479

4. Akrami, F. (2014). The Impact of Marketing Communications on the Purchasing Decision, M.Sc. Thesis (in press), Faculty of Economic and Commercial sciences, University of Masliya, Algeria.

5. Al-Daini, B. J. (2019). A proposed dvsion for developing the capabilities of female agricultural and veterinary employees in the field of extension services for rural women from the point of view of agricultural employees in the Ministry of Agriculture in Baghdad, M.Sc. Thesis (in press), College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad.

6. Al-Hafiz, F. S. (2021). A proposed perception of the quality of extension service for vegetable growers from their point of view in baghdad governorate, M.Sc Thesis (in press), Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad.

7. Ali,S.N. & D. Al-Aqabi (2018).The requirements of agricultural investment in Iraq in light of its accession of the world trade organization, J EA S, university of Baghdad, 24(106): 272-294. https://doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v24i106.24

8. Al-jadiri, A. H. (2006). The guide to preparing and writing university dissertations and theses, 1St ed., Jordan, pp: 77-90.

9. Al-Jubouri, R. H. (2012). Agricultural policies and their impact on food security in some Arab countries, Center for Arab Unity Studies, 1st edition, Beirut, p:35-40

10. Al-Kubaisy, M. I. S. & A. H. Lafta (2021). The productive obstacles in the process of marketing agricultural vegetables in Fallujah district. JAS, 25 ( 4), 14124 – 14134

11. Al-Okab, H.Sh. A. (2019). Developing the cognitive skills and capabilities of the information specialist for the requirements of participation in research groups, unpublished PhD thesis, Al-mustansiriya university, college of arts, department of information and knowledge technologies, pp: 120-200

12. Al-Shammari, R. A. F. (2019). A proposed scenario for the requirements for developing the cognitive capabilities of agricultural extension workers to address bird flu in Poultry Fields in the Governorates of the Central Region of Iraq, M.Sc. Thesis (in press), College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad.

13. Al-Taei, H. k., A. Th. H.Al-salhi & A. L. J. Al-Mashhadani (2020). Development extension service to meeting the requirements of buffalo breeders in Iraq. I JA , 51 (1) : 1- 20. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i1.942

14. Al-Taiy, H. K., A. A. Al-bedry & B. A. Ruda (2021). A Proposed approach to agricultural extension in Iraq for a better response to the needs of farmer’s to address their challenges. Al-Muthanna J. For Agric Sci. 8(3): 3 ISSN:2572-5149

15. Al-Taiy, H. K., S. O. Fayyadh. & I. R. Hasooni (2021). A vision to develop the effectiveness of the dissemination of innovations to rationalize the use of irrigation water in Iraqi agriculture. 2nd virtual international scientific agricultural conference, IOP conference series earth and environmental science 735(1): 12-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/17551315/735/1/01206

16. Al-Tulaibawi, A., P. F. Madrazo & P. A. Cervantes (2024). Analysis of the impact of agriculture goods dumping in Iraq using ARDL methodology. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8 (6), 4841-4862. DOI:10.55214/25768484.v8i6.3048

17. Al-Zubaidi, H. T. D. (2021). Conception of a proposal to improve the effectiveness of agricultural marketing extension in the governorates of the central region of Iraq, M.Sc. Thesis(in press), Department of Agricultural Extension, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad .

18. Anderson, J. & G. Feder (2021). Rural extension services. agriculture and rural development. world bank research working, world bank, washington, pp:29-76 https://doi.10.1596/1813-9450-2976

19. Armsh, A. H. & N. S. Ali (2023). Requirements for developing farmers' capabilities in the field of fodder crops cultivation in the side of Rusafa / Baghdad Governorate, IOP Conf. Series, Earth and Environmental Science.1259(1),012129

20. Asmaa, ZY. & A. Lafta (2023). Suggestion patron to diffusion evaluation the fodder agricultural technologies in Ninevah province .IOP conference series: earth and environmental science, fourth international scientific conference of agriculture, environment and sustainable development,pp:17-18 https://doi.org/10.1088/17551315/1259/1/012136

21. Cornelia F. (2018). Building Sustainable Agriculture: A New Application of Farming Systems Research and Extension. in book: Integrating sustainable agriculture, ecology, and environmental policy. pp:37-49. https://doi.10.1201/9780203750582-4

22. FAO (2020).Agricultural extension in a transformational phase around the world: policies and strategies for reform. Foodand Agricultur Organization(FAO), Rome,pp:8-9 https://doi.org/10.4060/ca8199n

23. Kryuchkova, G, M S Iurkova & E. Lihovtsov (2020). Technique of competitiveness determination for separate types of agricultural products for the purpose of their market positioning on the example of vegetable crowing publishing, IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering ,pp: 75-80 https://doi.10.1088/1757899X/753/6/062029

24. Lafta, A.H. & N. J. AL Khafaji (2022). The work environment of agricultural extension workers in the agricultural extension organization in Iraq. IJSS, 18(1):24 35-2438.

25. Makarem, M. A., M. S. Alsakran, B. M. Alotaibi & A. H. Herab (2023). To what extent do media channels serve as asource of agricultural information for vegetable growers in Saudi Arabia? JAESS, Mansoura Univ., 14 (4): 225-230, 2023 online at: www.jaess.ekb.eg

26. Ocran, J. K. & B. Barriers (2024). Challenges and requirements for the application of digital technologies in agricultural extension in selected regions in Ghana: perspectives from extension agents. J AE and Rural Development, 2024 16(2):88-105. https://doi.org/10.5897/JAERD2024.1406

27. Pavlenko I.V. & EV. Kudryashova (2015). Agrofood market of the region: formation and development Problems, SJ FR. (8) (part 1) : 193-197

28. Raidimi E.N. 2019. A review of the role of agricultural extension and training in achieving sustainable food security: The Case of South Africa, SAJAE, 47(3): 120-130 https://doi.org/10.17159/24133221/2019/v47n3a520

29. Rawaa, H. K. & H. Al-Taie (2021). A proposed vision for the requirements for developing the capabilities of agricultural extension workers in the field of agricultural risk management for greenhouses in the governorates of the central region of Iraq, M.Sc. Thesis (in press), College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad.

30. Sahab A. & Y. Alajuela (2022). Supposed a proposal for developing the agricultural extension organization in Iraq and activating its role in achieving sustainable development. TJAS. 22 (2):1-12 https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.22.2.1

Downloads

Published

2026-03-31

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Abeer Ali Abdullah, A. A. A., & Saad Obaid Fayyadh2, S. O. F. (2026). OBSTACLES FACING AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION WORKERS TO ENHANCE THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE LOCAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT OF VEGETABLES IN BAGHDAD PROVINCE. IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 57(3), 933-941. https://doi.org/10.36103/7rmy6881