EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF BROADLEAF WEED HERBICIDES AT DIFFERENT PLANTING DISTANCES ON WHEAT CROP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/mbz6qd27Keywords:
plant densities, strategic crop, Triticum aestivum L., weed controlAbstract
This study was aimed to evaluation of broad leaf herbicide season 2022/2023 at this research included two factors, the first: weed pesticides with four levels (control, 2, 4-D, Cranstar and Lintor) and with the recommended concentrations for each herbicide. The second: planting distances: which are 15 and 30 cm between the lines. The research was carried out using within factorial experiments complete randomized block design (RCBD), sowing took place on 11/15/2022, with a seeding rate of (100) kg . h-1 for Sham 6 cultivar, the herbicides were sprayed by a dorsal sprayer with a capacity of 16 liters on 11/2/2023, and on 3/25/2023 the weed characteristics were studied, and on 5/27/2023 the yield characteristics were studied and the obtained results were summarized as follows: Significant increases in the number of broad weeds, fresh and dry weight of broadleaf weeds at a distance of 30 cm between lines compared with a distance of 15 cm. The distance 30 cm significantly increased the characteristics of plant height and spike length compared with the distance 15 cm. A significant increases in grain yield occurred at the distance 15 cm between the lines compared to the distance 30 cm. The herbicides achieved a significant decreases in the number of broadleaf weeds and their fresh and dry weight compared with the control treatment.
References
• Abouziena , H.F., A.A. Sharara Faida and E.R. Eldesoki .(2008). Efficacy of cultivar, selectivity and weed control treatment on wheat yield and associated weeds in sandy soils. World Journal of Agric. Sci. 4(3) 384-389.
• Al- Rawe . Kh. Mahmoud and A. Khalaf Allah .(2000). Design and Analysis of Agricultural Experiments. Directorate of Books for Printing and Publishing - University of Mosul . pp: 99
• Al-Ajrawi , A. Y. Hassan (2013). The Effect of No-Till Cultivation, Planting Distances, And Hydrogel Addition on Growth, Yield, Its Components, and Grain Quality Characteristics of Bread Wheat Crop. M.Sc. Thesis - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul .pp: 112
• Al-Amin, M. Amin W. Taha. (2015). Effect of Cultivation Systems On Growth, Yield, Components and Quality Of Two Varieties Of Barley. M.Sc. Thesis - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. pp:68
• Al-Anbari, M. A. Abrihi, H. A. Kh., and B. A. Asal . (2011). Effect of using different planting distances on growth, yield and its components of two cultivars of bread wheat. Technical Journal, 1(24): 91-99.
• Al-Badr, M. Salih (2012). The Effect Of Planting Systems and Chemical Herbicides On The Growth and Productivity Of Wheat (Triticum durum L.) and Associated Weeds. M.Sc. Thesis - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. pp:53
• Al-Khalaf, A. Al-Ali, M. Manhal Al-Zoubi and T. Al-Haneish (2022) The effect of organic and chemical fertilization on the inequality of durum and soft wheat. Syrian Journal of Agricultural Research 9 (3): 230-240.
• Al-Mafarji, A.M. and Sh. Hamad, (2015). Efficiency Of Spraying With Topic and Granestar Mixture In Controlling Wheat Weeds (Triticum aestivum L.) and Determination Of Their Residues In Soil, Plant Leaves and Grains. Ph.D Dissertation - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. Pp:67
• Al-Zaidi, Kh. M. Daoud, A. H. Abdullah, and S. A. Mahmoud .(2018). Evaluation of genotypes of coarse wheat,( Triticum durum L.) , by double selection technique at levels of supplemental irrigation. The Egyptian Journal of Plant Breeding 22 (7): 1617-1633.
• Bakht , J. ; Ziaul Qamer ; M. Akber Habib Shafi ; Masood-ur Rahman ; N. Ahmad and M. Javed Khan .(2007). Response of different wheat varieties to various row spacing . Sarhad J. Agric., 23(4): 840- 846.
• Chen , Chengci ;Karnes Neill ;Dave Wichman and Malvern Westcott .(2008). Hard red spring wheat response to row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen. Agronomy Journal, 100(5): 1296-1302.
• Chopra, N. K.,N., Chopra, & D. Choudhary .(2015). Bioefficacy of sole and tank mix of pinoxaden and clodinafop with carfentrazone and metsulfuron for control of complex weed flora in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 60(1), 104-108.
• Choudhary, D., P.K. Singh, N. K., Chopra, & S. C. Rana. (2016). Effect of Herbicides and Herbicide Mixtures On Weeds in Wheat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(2): 107-112.
• Duncan , G.O. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometrics, 11:142.
• FAO) 2020). Brief on Cereals Grain Supply and Demand. 1 p. Rome, Italy. Pp:11
• Hayawi , J.A., M.A.W.Taha and A. Sh. Hamad .(2021 ). The use of Trifloralin Herbicide , cultivation distances and cultivation method to control the weeds accompanying the local barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) . IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 735.
• Hayawi, J. Abdullah .(2015). Adopting a System of Conservation Agriculture by Using the Herbicide Treflan to Control Some thin Weeds by Sustaining Some Agricultural Operations in the Wheat Crop. Ph.D. Dissertation - College of Agriculture and Forestry - University of Mosul. pp:55.
• Hozayn , Mahmoud ; Tarek Abd-El-Ghafar El-Shahawy and Faida Ahmed Sharara (2012). Implication of crop row orientation and row spacing for controlling weeds and Increasing yield in wheat. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(3): 422-427 .
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.
• Malik, M.A., F.Zahoor, M.R.Anser,M.R.U.Aslam,K.Mehmood and S.H.Raza (2012) . Weed biomass and economic yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as influenced by chemical weed control under rainfed condition African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.11 (7) 1567-1573.
• Mennan, H.; D. Isik; M.Bozoglu and F.N. Uygur .(2003). .Economic thresholds of Avena Spp., and alopecurus myosuroides in winter wheat fields . Pak. J. Bot., 35(2): 147-154.
• Mutlag, N. A., A.J. Al-Khaz’ali, K.A.Salman , R. H. and Mahdi, T.N. Jaber (2023). Evaluation of herbicides pallas and limitless in controlling the narrow and broad leave weeds within wheat crop field and their effect on grain yield and it’s components. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences 54(3): 860-867. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1769.
• Republic of Iraq - Ministry of Planning .2020. Central Statistical Organization - Directorate of Agricultural Statistics - Wheat and Barley Production. pp:5
• Swanton, C. J., R. Nkoa, , & R. E. Blackshaw (2015). Experimental methods for crop–weed competition studies. Weed Science, 63(SP1), 2-11.
• Thorsted , M . D . ; J . E . Olesen and J . Weiner (2006 ). width of clover strips and wheat rows influence grain yield in winter wheat / white clover intercropping . Field Crop Res. 95 : 280 – 290 .
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Jassim, A. Hayawi Hayawi , A. S. H. Al-Mafrajy Al-Mafrajy, Muhammad, A.W. Taha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
