IMPROVING PERFORMANCE AND THERMOTOLERANCE STATE OF THERMALLY STRESSED BROILER’S USING SUPPLEMENTED NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/s0pjmf47Keywords:
productivity, meat chicken, heat exhausted, plant based antioxidants.Abstract
The aim of this experiment was studying the efficacy dietary dried powders’ of ecofriendly natural antioxidants of beetroot (Br), grape pomace (Gp) and willow (W) in two concentrations 0.5 and 1 % as an anti-heat-stressor and their impacts on performance and thermo-tolerance state on broiler’s housed under thermal-stress averaged (33◦C). 630 Ross-308day-old-chicks were used. The treatments were applied after 2 weeks of starter feeding as beginning grower feed then finisher diet until 42d marketing age. The treatments were as follow: T1:Control (basal diet BD); T2 (1% Br+BD); T3 (0.5% Br+BD); T4 (1%GP+BD); T5 (0.5%GP+BD); T6 (1%W+BD); T7 (0.5%W+BD). Complete Random Design (CRD) used on three replicates/treatment; thirty bird/rep. The results indicate that both Br and Gp in both (0.5; 1%) levels improved growth performance except birds in W 0.5% wasn’t affected and W 1% decreased significantly than Control. The PEF was significantly higher in each of T2, T3, and T4 groups than Control group. All natural antioxidants dietary supplemented enhanced body antioxidants; prevented oxidation; developed thermo-tolerance and stress expressions than the control group. It can be concluded that the antioxidant property of the eco-friendly additives used in the current experiment promoted the biological condition hence the thermally-stressed broilers' productive performance.
References
1. Abdulla, N.R., A.N. Mohd Zamri, A.B. Sabow, K.Y. Kareem, S. Nurhazirah, F.H. Ling, A.Q. Sazili, and T.C. Loh. 2017. Physico-chemical properties of breast muscle in broiler chickens fed probiotics, antibiotics or antibiotic–probiotic mix. Journal of Appl. Anim. Res., 45(1):64-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2015.1124330.
2. Abubakar, K., M.M. Mailafiya, S.M. Chiroma, A. Danmaigoro, T.Y. Zyoud, E. Abdul Rahim and M.Z. Abu Bakar Zakaria. 2020. Ameliorative effect of curcumin on lead‐induced hematological and hepatorenal toxicity in a rat model. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 34(6):22483. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22483.
3.Abudoulrahman, K.K., M.A. Mustafa and A.A. Abduljabbar. 2019. The Effect of Heat Stress on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Local Quail Hens Supplemented with Onion and Garlic Oils. Tikrit J. Agric. Sci., 19(1):103-110. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjas.19.1.11.
4.Belal, S.A., D.R. Kang, E.S.R. Cho, G.H. Park and K.S. Shim. 2018. Taurine reduces heat stress by regulating the expression of heat shock proteins in broilers exposed to chronic heat. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci., 20:479-486.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0712.
5.Chaleshtori, R.S., F.S. Chaleshtori and M. Rafieian. 2011. Biological characterization of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia) leaves. Turkish J. Biol., 35(5):635-639. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-1005-1.
6.Chen, Y., Y. Cheng, C. Wen and Y. Zhou. 2020. Protective effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharide on heat stress–induced hepatic damage in broilers. Environ. Sci. Poll. Res.. 27(23):29000-29008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09212-2.
7.Cheng, K., Z.H. Song, X.C. Zheng, H. Zhang, J.F. Zhang, L.L. Zhang, Y.M. Zhou and T. Wang. 2017. Effects of dietary vitamin E type on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity in cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed broilers. Poult. Sci., 96(5):1159-1166. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pew336.
8.Chhikara, N., K. Kushwaha, P. Sharma, Y. Gat and A. Panghal. 2019. Bioactive compounds of beetroot and utilization in food processing industry: A critical review. Food Chemistry. 272:192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.022.
9.Cook, F. W. 1959. Staining fixed preparations of chicken blood cells with combination May-Greenwald-Wright-Phloxine B stain. Avian Dis., 3(3):272-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5.
10. Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics. 11(1):1-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478.
11.Emami, N.K., U. Jung, B. Voy and S. Dridi. 2020. Radical response: effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress on lipid metabolism in the avian liver. Antioxidants. 10(1):35. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10010035.
12.Fu, Y., J. Shi, S.Y. Xie, T.Y. Zhang, O.P. Soladoye and R.E. Aluko. 2020. Red beetroot betalains: Perspectives on extraction, processing, and potential health benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 68(42):11595-11611. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04241.
13.Getachew B. 2021. Review on the Effect of Heat Stress on Poultry Production and Productivities. Food Sci., Nut. Technol., 6(2): 000260.
http://doi.org/10.23880/fsnt-16000260.
14.Gligorić, E., R. Igić, L. Suvajdžić and N. Grujić-Letić. 2019. Species of the genus Salix L.: Biochemical screening and molecular docking approach to potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Appl. Sci., 9(9):1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091842.
15. Gungor, E., A. Altop and G. Erener. 2021. Effect of raw and fermented grape pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and selected bacterial species in broiler chicks. Animals. 11(2):364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020364.
16.Hosseini-Vashan, S.J., M. Safdari-Rostamabad, A.H. Piray, and H. Sarir. 2020. The growth performance, plasma biochemistry indices, immune system, antioxidant status, and intestinal morphology of heat-stressed broiler chickens fed grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 259:114343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114343.
17.Kikusato, M., G. Xue, A. Pastor, T.A. Niewold, and M. Toyomizu. 2021. Effects of plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids on growth performance and intestinal function of broiler chickens under heat stress. Poult. Sci., 100(2):957-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.050.
18.Liu, L., C. Fu, M. Yan, H. Xie, S. Li, Q. Yu, S. He, and J. He. 2016. Resveratrol modulates intestinal morphology and HSP70/90, NF-κB and EGF expression in the jejunal mucosa of black-boned chickens on exposure to circular heat stress. Food and Function. 7(3):1329-1338. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5FO01338K.
19.Liu, Y.L., K.N. Ding, X.L. Shen, H.X. Liu, Y.A. Zhang, Y.Q. Liu, Y.M. He, and L.P. Tang. 2022. Chronic heat stress promotes liver inflammation in broilers via enhancing NF-κB and NLRP3 signaling pathway. BMC Vet. Res., 18(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03388-0.
20.Mahbuba, A. M., A. Ab Jabbar, A., and N. A. Mustafa. 2022. The effectiveness of some medicinal plants on body performance, hematological, ileum morphology and immune statue of Japanese quail. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(4):724-731. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i4.1582.
21.Makri, S., I. Kafantaris, D. Stagos, T. Chamokeridou, K. Petrotos, K. Gerasopoulos, A. Mpesios, N. Goutzourelas, S. Kokkas, P. Goulas and D. Komiotis. 2017. Novel feed including bioactive compounds from winery wastes improved broilers' redox status in blood and tissues of vital organs. Food Chem. Toxicol., 102:24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.01.019.
22.Martin, K.R. and C.L. Appel. 2009. Polyphenols as dietary supplements: A double-edged sword. Nut. Diet. Suppl., 2:1-12. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDS.S6422.
23.Mohammad, S. D., and S. Y. Al-Sardary. 2024. Natural antioxidants impact on carcass traits, meat quality and economic feasibility in broiler subjected to heat stress. Anbar J. Agric. Sci,, 22(1):129-146. https://doi.org/10.32649/ajas.2024.145551.1107.
24.Muhammad, A.H. and A.S. Al-Hassani. 2022. Effect different levels of turmeric root powder to diet on some traits of broiler exposed to heat stress. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(4):950-957. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i4.1607.
25.Nanto-Hara, F., H. Ohtsu, M. Yamazaki, T. Hirakawa, K. Sato and H. Murakami. 2021. Effects of dietary brown rice on the growth performance, systemic oxidative status, and splenic inflammatory responses of broiler chickens under chronic heat stress. J.Poult. Sci., 58(3):154-162. https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.0200063.
26.Panaite, T. D., M. Saracila, C. P. Papuc, C. N. Predescu and C. Soica. 2020. Influence of dietary supplementation of Salix alba bark on performance, oxidative stress parameters in liver and gut microflora of broilers. Animals. 10(6): 958. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10060958.
27.Pascariu, S. M., I. M. Pop, D. Simeanu, G. Pavel and C. Solcan. 2017. Effects of wine by-products on growth performance, complete blood count and total antioxidant status in broilers. Brazilian J. Poult. Sci., 19:191-202. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10060958.
28.Pascual, A., M. Pauletto, A. Trocino, M. Birolo, M. Dacasto, M. Giantin, F. Bordignon, C. Ballarin, M. Bortoletti, G. Pillan and G. Xiccato. 2022. Effect of the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood and grape pomace on performance and jejunum response in female and male broiler chickens at different ages. J. Anim. Sci., Biotechnol., 13(1):1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00736-w.
29.Petracci, M., S. Mudalal, F. Soglia and C. Cavani. 2015. Meat quality in fast-growing broiler chickens. World's Poult. Sci., J., 71(2):363-374. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933915000367.
30.Raish, M., A. Ahmad, M.A. Ansari, K. M. Alkharfy, A. Ahad, A. Khan and M.A.A. Hamidaddin. 2019. Beetroot juice alleviates isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats. 3 Biotech. 9(4):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1677-9.
31.Reza, S. C., R. K. Mahmoud, M. Seifollah, S. C. Ali and A. Elham. 2012. Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the extracts of Echinophora platyloba DC. African J. Pharm. Pharmacol., 6(37):2692-2695. https://www.doi.org/10.5897/AJPP12.931.
32.Righi, F., R. Pitino, C.L. Manuelian, M. Simoni, A. Quarantelli, M. De Marchi and E. Tsiplakou. 2021. Plant feed additives as natural alternatives to the use of synthetic antioxidant vitamins on poultry performances, health, and oxidative status: A review of the literature in the last 20 years. Antioxidants. 10(5):659. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10050659.
33.Saracila, M., T. D. Panaite, C. Soica, C. Tabuc, M. Olteanu, C. Predescu, and R. D. Criste. 2019. Use of a hydroalcoholic extract of Salix alba bark powder in diets of broilers exposed to high heat stress. South African J. Anim. Sci., 49(5):944-956. https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v49i5.18.
34.SAS, Institute. 2005. SAS User's Guide: Version 9.2 review ed. SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429341847.
35.Selim, N. A., S. F. Youssef, A. F. Abdel-Salam and S. A. Nada. 2013. Evaluations of some natural antioxidant sources in broiler diets: 1-effect on growth, physiological and immunological performance of broiler chicks. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 12:561-571. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.561.571.
36. Sigwela, V., M. De Wit, A. du Toit, G. Osthoff and A. Hugo. 2021. Bioactive betalain extracts from cactus pear fruit pulp, beetroot tubers, and amaranth leaves. Molecules. 26(16):5012. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165012
37.Singh, K. M., S. Singh, I. Ganguly, R. K. Nachiappan, A. Ganguly, R. Venkataramanan and H. K. Narula. 2017. Association of heat stress protein 90 and 70 gene polymorphism with adaptability traits in Indian sheep (Ovis aries). Cell Stress and Chaperones. 22(5):675-684.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12192-017-0770-4.
38.Surai, P.F. 2020. Antioxidants in poultry nutrition and reproduction: an update. Antioxidants. 9(2):105. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020105.
39.Tang, L. P., Y. L. Liu, J. X. Zhang, K. N. Ding, M. H. Lu and Y. M. He. 2022. Heat stress in broilers of liver injury Effects of heat stress on oxidative stress and autophagy in liver of broilers. Poult. Sci.,10:(10)102085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2022.102085.
40.Yang, J., J. Huang, C. Shen, W. Cheng, P. Yu, L. Wang, F. Tang, S. Guo, Q. Yang and J. Zhang. 2018. Resveratrol treatment in different time-attenuated neuronal apoptosis after oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation via enhancing the activation of Nrf-2 signaling pathway in vitro. Cell Transplantation. 27(12):1789-1797. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963689718780930
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
