EFFECT OF SYZYGIUM AROMATICUM L. ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACT AGAINST PATHOGENIC CANDIDA.ALBICANS IN-VITRO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/4984kw67Keywords:
C.albicans, clove oil, eugenol , inhibitory concentration, fungicidal.Abstract
Candida albicans is an universal fungi, belong to the phylum Ascomycota, the infection caused by Candida albicans is called candidiasis. The study aimed to evaluate the Syzygium aromaticum extract as antifungal activity and fungicidal against C.albicans. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to determine active components of clove oil which indicated the presence of eugenol (41.24%), followed by caryophyllene (18.36%) . The disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration was done to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of different S.aromaticum concentration. Extract with S. aromaticum yield percentage of 46.6 %. The in-vitro anti-candidal extract exhibited the highest antifungal activity against C. albicans, with inhibition zone diameters of 22.0 mm at 0.5mg/disc. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was 1mg/ml against C. albicans, while the minimum fungicidal concentration was 2mg/ml.
References
1. Alwan, M. J. 2012. Isolation and identification of Candida species from urogenital tract infections of women in Baghdad city: Alwan M.J. and Aziz M.M.
The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 36(0E), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0E.404.
2. Andes D., T. Stamsted and R. Conklin. 2001. Pharmacodynamics of amphotericin B in a neutropenic-mouse disseminated-candidiasis model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 45(3):922–6.
3. Aligiannis N.E., Kalpoutzakis, S. Mitaku and I.B. Chinou. 2001. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of two Origanum species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 49: 4168–4170.
4. Badgujar, S. B., V. V.Patel and A. H. Bandivdekar . 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A Review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biol. Med. Res. Int. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/842674.
5. Baveja C. 2010.Medical mycology, in Text Book of Microbiology for Dental Students. 322–323, Arya Publications, Delhi, India, 3rd edition.
6. Bennis S. F., N. Chami, T. Bouchikhi and A. Remmal. 2004. Surface alteration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induced by thymol and eugenol. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 38:454–458.
7. Carlet J., V. Jarlier , S. Stephan Harbarth , A. Voss , H. Goossens and D. Pittet . 2012. Ready for a world without antibiotics? The Pensières Antibiotic Resistance Call to Action Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 1:11. http://www.aricjournal.com/content/1/1/11.
8. Devi K.P., S.A. Nisha, R. Sakthivel and S.K. Pandian. 2010. Eugenol (an essential oil of clove) acts as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella typhi by disrupting the cellular membrane. J. Ethnopharmacol. 130(1): 107-115.
9. Gülçina Ì., İ.G. Şatb, Ş. Beydemira, M. Elmastaşc and Öİ. Küfrevioglu .2004. Comparison of antioxidant activity of clove (Eugenia caryophylata Thunb) buds and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.). Food Chem 8(3): 393-400.
10. Himratul-Aznita W.H., N. Mohd-Al-Faisal and A.R. Fathilah .2011. Determination of the percentage inhibition of diameter growth (PIDG) of Piper betle crude aqueous extract against oral Candida species. J. Med. Plant Res. 5: 878-884.
11. Hossain M.A., R.A. Al-Hashmi, A.M. Weli, Q. Al-Riyami and J.N. Al-Sabahib. 2012. Constituents of the essential oil from different brands of Syzigium caryophyllatumL by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Asian Pract. J. Trop. Biol.med. 1446-1449.
12. Ishaq A., Q. A. Syed, M. I. Khan and M. A. Zia.2019. characterising and optimising antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of clove extracts against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. 26(4) : 1165-1172.
13. Jawetz E., J. L. Melnick, and E. A. Adelberg. 2007. Review of Medical Microbiology. Appleton and Lang. 7( 3): 273-275.
14. Kamatou G. P., I. Vermaak and A. M. Viljoen. 2012. Eugenol-from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule. Molecules 17(6): 6953-6981.
15. Khalil A. A., U. Rahman, M. R. Khan, A. Sahar, T. Mehmood and M. Khan. 2017. Essential oil eugenol: sources, extraction techniques and nutraceutical perspectives. R.S.C. Advances. 7(52): 32669-32681.
16. Latifah-Munirah, W. H. Himratul-Aznita and N. Mohd Zain .2015. Eugenol, an essential oil of clove, causes disruption to the cell wall of Candida albicans (ATCC 14053), Frontiers in Life Science. 8(3): 231-240.
17. Marsh P. D. and M. Martin. 2009. Oral fungal infections, in Oral Microbiology, , Churchill Livingstone and Edinburgh, pp: 166–179.
18. Mushimiyimana I., A. Kimonyo and P. Nsabimana .2016. Colonial and morphological characteristics of various fungi species isolated from soil in Bangalore city. Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci. 6 (1): 17-21.
19. Oyedemi S. O., G. Bradley and A. J. Afolayan. 2009. Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in the Nkonkobe municipality of South Africa. J. Med. Plants Res. 3:1040–1044.
20. Pavesi C., L.A. Banks and T. Hudaib. 2018. Antifungal and antibacterial activities of eugenol and non-polar extract of Syzygium aromaticum L. J. Pharma. Sci. Res. 10(2):337–9.
21. Pfaller M. A., D. J. Diekema. 2007. Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem. ASM Journal Clinical Microbiology Reviews.20(1).
22. Remmal, T. Bouchikhi , K. Rhayour and M. Ettayebi . 1993. Improved methode for the determination of antimicrobial activity of
essential oils in agar medium. J. Essent . Oil Res. 5: 179-184.
23. Rimek D., B. Fehse and P. Göpel .2008. Evaluation of Mueller-Hinton-agar as a simple medium for the germ tube production of Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis. Mycoses. 51: 205-208.
24. Selles S. M. A., M. Kouidri, B. T. Belhamiti and A. Ait Amrane. 2020. Chemical composition, in-vitro antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization. 14(4): 2352–2358.
25.Shahbazi, Y. 2019. antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of nanoemulsion of clove essential oil. Nanomedicine Res.J.204-208.
26. Salman, A. Y. 2015. Effect of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Datura stramonium on pathogenic Candida albicans: Ali Y. Salman and Mohammed K. Faraj. The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 39(2), 55–61. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v39i2.178.
27. Veiga G. L., E. P. Pinheiro de Lima and S. E. Gouvea da Costa. 2019. Efficiency Frontier Identification Based On Operations Strategy - A Retrospective Analysis Of Leading Authors. 25th International Conference on Production Research Manufacturing Innovation. Chicago, Illinois (USA).
28. Xie Y., Q. Huang, F. Yang and C. Lei. 2017. Ind. Crops Prod. 36: 308–312.
29. Yassin. 2020. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 20:25 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2818-8.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
