THE COMBINED EFFECT OF BIO-STIMULANTS ON THE FLOWER GROWTH, YIELD, AND ESSENTIAL OIL CHARACTERISTIC OF CUMIN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/e8p8c524Keywords:
coconut endosperm fluid, cuminaldehyde, tryptophan, GC-MS, zeatin, sustainability.Abstract
This study was conducted during two winter seasons 2020-2019 and 2021-2020 at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences-University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya). To improve the efficiency and productivity of the flower growth, yield, and essential oil characteristic of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). The experiment included two-factors, the first with four levels of bio-fertilizers (without vaccination, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azospirillum brasilense, and mixture between vaccination), while the second with a combination of five levels that included two treatments (15 and 30 ml L-1) for each of coconut endosperm fluid and tryptophan with one metering treatment for both (sprayed with distilled water). Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in a spilt-plot design with three replications. The results showed that all studied traits were affected by the study factors for both seasons, as the plants treated with the spray combination (30 ml L-1 each) with mixture between vaccination gave superiority in most of the within, and the interaction effect between the study factors was significant compared to the plants uninoculated and unsprayed for both seasons.
References
A.A. Al-Askar and Y.M. Rashad, 2010. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Biocontrol Agent against Common Bean Fusarium Root Rot Disease. Plant Pathology Journal, 9: 31-38. DOI: 10.3923/ppj.2010.31.38.
Al-Assadi, M.H.S. and A.H.J., Al-Khaikani. 2019. Plant hormones and their Physiological Effects. Al-Qasim Green University. Faculty of Agriculture. Iraq National Library and Archive in Baghdad. pp: 332.
Al-Kazzaz, Amel Gh. M. 2021. Improvement in the growth of cumin plant, (Cuminum cyminum L.) with spraying tryptophan and IQ combi nanofertilizer. Biochemical and Cellular Archives 21(1):1495-1500.
Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H. and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2022. Influence of aqueous extract of barley sprouts, trehalose, and calcium on growth, quality and yield of carrot. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(1): 133-140. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.1517
Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H. and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2022. Maximization carrot minerals preserve and antioxidant capacity by foliar application of aqueous barley sprouts extract, trehalose, and calcium. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(1):122-132. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i1.1515
Al-Khafaji, A. M. H. H. and K. D. H. Al-jubouri. 2024. Developmental control of some physiological factors on reproductive biology and rudimentary embryos phenomenon in carrot seeds. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(3):1038-1047. https://doi.org/10.36103/zvrre033
AL-Mohammedi, Akeel N.A. 2010. Responses of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to different levels of phosphorus fertilizer and spacing between plants and their effects on growth characters and yield. Tikrit journal for agricultural sciences, 10(1): 64-80.
Al-Nadawy, Bashir Abdullah.2006. Response Black cumin (Nigella Sativ L.) to the Plant Growth Regulators and Sowing date. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
Al-Snafi, A.E., 2016. The pharmacological activities of Cuminum cyminum-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(6):46-65.
Al-Hassan, M. F. H., H. A. Baqir and J. W. Mahmood.2024. The role of chlorophyll spraying according to the evolutionary standard zadoks in the growth characteristics of two cultivars of bread wheat. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences,55(1):470-478. https://doi.org/10.36103/w1877d96
Badran, F.S., E.E.D.T., Ahmed, E.A., El-Ghadban, and A.M., Ayyat. 2017. Effect of compost/NPK and biofertilization treatments on vegetative growth, yield and herb NPK% of fennel plants. Scientific Journal of Flowers and Ornamental Plants, 4(2): 175-185.
Baqir, H.A., and N. H. Zeboon, and A. A. J. Al-Behadili, 2019. The role and importance of amino acids within plants: A review. Plant Archives, 19:1402-1410.
Chaudhry, Z., R.A., Khera, M.A., Hanif, M.A., Ayub, and S.H., Sumrra. 2020. Cumin. In Medicinal Plants of South Asia, Elsevier, pp: 165-178.
El-Hadi, N.I.M.A., H.A., El-Ala, and W.M.A., El-Azim. 2009. Response of some Mentha species to plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from soil rhizosphere. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(4): 4437-4448.
George, E.F. and P.D., Sherrington. 1984. Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture: Handbook and Directory of Commercial Laboratories. Research Books. pp:250-253.
Gregersen, P.L., A., Culetic, L., Boschian, and K., Krupinska. 2013. Plant senescence and crop productivity. Plant Molecular Biology, 82(6): 603-622.
Hamman, R.A., E., Dami, T.M., Waish, and C., stushnoff. 1996. Seasonal carbohydrate changes and gold hardness of chardonnay and riesling grapvines . Amer . J . Enol Vitic . 47 (1) : 43-48.
Hüsnü Can Bașer, K. and G., Buchbauer. 2015. Handbook of Essential Oils: science, technology, and applications. Handbook of Essential Oils: Science, Technology, and applications., (2nd edit.). pp:125-130.
Hussein, Fawzi Qutb.1992. Medicinal Plants Agriculture and its Constituents. AldarArabi Book - Libya, pp: 375.
Ismael, S.B., A.Y., Nasralla. 2014. Biological Activety of GA3 and The Foeniculum Vulgare Mill Extract on Vegetative Characters of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(8), (special issue): 836-844.
Issa, T.A. 1990.The Physiology of Crop Plants (Book). Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, University of Baghdad, (translator). pp: 496.
Itelima, J.U., W.J., Bang, I.A., Onyimba, M.D., Sila, and O.J., Egbere.2018. Bio-fertilizers as key player in enhancing soil fertility and crop productivity: a review. Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science. 6(3):73-83.
Kandill, A.M.2002. The Effect of Fertilizers for Conventional and Organic Farming on Yield and Oil Quality of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgate Mill) . Egypt. M. Sci. Thesis , Fac. Of Agric. Zagazig Uni. Zagazig , Egypt., (1):136-147.
Keskin, S. and H., Baydar. 2016. Umbelliferae familyasından bazı önemli kültür türlerinin Isparta ekolojik koşullarında tarımsal ve teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(1): 133-141.
Kobayashi, M., T., Suzuki, T., Fujita, M., Masuda, and S., Shimizu, 1995. Occurrence of enzymes involved in biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid from indole-3-acetonitrile in plant-associated bacteria, Agrobacterium and Rhizobium. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 92(3): 714-718.
Kumar, N., 2016. Effect of algal bio-fertilizer on the Vigna radiata: a critical review. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 6(2): 85-94.
Linstrom, P. 1997. “NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database 69.” National Institute of Standards and Technology. doi: 10.18434/T4D303.
Nour, K.A.M., N.T.S., Mansour, and A., El-Hakim. 2010. Influence of foliar spray with seaweed extracts on growth, setting and yield of tomato during summer season. Journal of Plant Production, 1(7), pp.961-976.
Okumura, R.S., D.D.C., Mariano, , R., Dallacort, A., Nogueira de Albuquerque, , A.D.S., Lobato, E.S., Guedes, C.F.O., Neto, H.E. Oliveira da Conceicao, and G.R., Alves. 2013. Azospirillum: a new and efficient alternative to biological nitrogen fixation in grasses. J Food Agric Environ, 2(1): 1142-1146.
Parthasarathy, V.A., B., Chempakam, and T.J., Zachariah. 2008. Chemistry of Spices. CAB International, Wallingford.pp:221-226.
Ramaih, S., Guedira, M. and Paulsen, G.M., 2003. Relationship of indoleacetic acid and tryptophan to dormancy and pre-harvest sprouting of wheat. Functional Plant Biology, 30(9):939-945.
Said , M. A. 1982. Biochemistry and Physiology of Phytohormones. Translated from M. Tomas. Public Librrary Press. University of Mosul, Iraq. pp:130-177.
Sandhya, V.S.K.Z., S.Z., Ali, M., Grover, G. Reddy, and B., Venkateswarlu. 2010. Effect of plant growth promoting Pseudomonas spp. on compatible solutes, antioxidant status and plant growth of maize under drought stress. Plant Growth Regulation, 62(1): 21-30.
Shubin Wu, G.L. and R., Lou. 2012. Applications of Chromatography Hyphenated Techniques in the Field of Lignin Pyrolysis. Applications of Gas Chromatography. pp:41.
Yong, J.W., L., Ge, Y.F., Ng, and S.N., Tan. 2009. The chemical composition and biological properties of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water. Molecules, 14(12): 5144-5164.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
