THE GENETIC DIVERSITY OF MAIZE INBRED LINES GROWN IN IRAQ USING SIMPLE SEQUENCE RECURRENT (SSR) MARKERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v55iSpecial.1908Keywords:
Zea mays L., maize polymorphism, genetic variation, molecular markersAbstract
This study was conducted to determine the genetic variability among maize inbred lines grown in Iraq by using Simple Sequence Recurrent (SSR) markers. For estimating the genetic relationships, 10 SSR primers were used with 10 maize inbred lines. Two hundred and sixteen alleles (bands) with a range of 13 to 41 were identified for the SSR loci. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 10 SSR loci ranged from 0.60% to 100%. Primers ‘umc1566’, ‘umc1542’, and ‘umc2189’ showed the maximum PIC value; by contrast, ‘umc2225’showed the lowest PIC value. The 10 maize inbreds were clustered based on the matrix of genetic similarity using the UPGMA algorithm. Cluster analysis placed the inbreds lines in three clusters based on SSR data. The studied inbreds lines divided to groups and subgroups with cluster analysis that revealed agreement with their geographical origin. The results indicated that SSR marker has a high degree of polymorphism that allows efficient identification of maize genotypes, and this could be used in determining their heterotic groups.
References
Adu, G. B., F. J. Awuku, I. K. Amegbor, A. Haruna, K. A. Manigben, and P. A. Aboyadana, 2019. Genetic characterization and population structure of maize populations using SSR markers. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 64(1): 47-54.
DOI: 10.1016/j.aoas.2019.05.006
Al-Janabi, A. R. A., and A. M. Al-Jumaily, 2014. The genetic analysis for grain yield and components combining ability in maize under two sowing dates. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(6): 547-554
ALJanabi, L. K., N. S. Habib, and M. K. Farhan, 2023. A comparative study between the presence or absence of support for farmers of the corn in Iraq for the year 2019. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(2): 609-618.
Alkazaali H.A., M.M.Elsahookie, and F. Y. Baktash. 2016. Flowering syndrome - Hybrid performance relationship in maize: 1- Field traits and growth rates, 47(4): 900 - 909. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i4.518
Alkazaali H.A., and F. Y. Baktash. 2016. Impact of corn grain moisture at harvesting to agronomic traits in subsequent generation, 48: (Special Issue): 11-23. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v48iSpecial.240
Almeida, C., E. Perito, J. Amorim, B. N. Fernandes, J. Alves, and M. J. Cruz De Melo, 2011. Genetic variability in populations of sweet corn, Common Corn and Teosinte. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 11(1): 64-69.
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-70332011000100009
Ambika, R. R. 2010. Heterotic grouping and patterning of quality protein maize (Zea mays L.) based on genetic and molecular markers analysis. Ph.D. Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
Amoon, M. H., and Z. A. Abdul-Hamed, 2020. Determination genetic diversity of inbred lines and hybrids of maize using ISSR technique. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(1):269-277
Baktash, F. Y., and J. N. Mahmood, 2005. Heterosis and combining ability for ear characters in maize inbred lines by (line X tester) method. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1): 51- 60
Baktash, F. Y., and M. H. Y. Al-Aswadi, 2005. Diallel crosses and general and specific combining ability in grain yield and components in maize. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 36(5): 75- 88
Baktash, F. Y., and H.A. Alkazaali. 2016. Effect of grain moisture of corn at harvesting on some agronomic traits. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(5): 1334 - 1339. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i5.514
Baktash, F. Y., and H.A. Alkazaali. 2016. Grain yield adn yield components of corn as influenced by harvesting moisture. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(5): 1340 - 1345. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i5.514
Baktash, F. Y., 2016. Modified mass selection within corn synthetic variety. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 47(1): 391 - 395. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i1.643
Belalia, N., et al., 2019. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in Saharan maize (Zea mays L.) population using phynotipic traits and SSR markers. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 66: 243-357. DOI: 10.1007/s10722-018-0709-3
Bocianowski, J., K. Nowosad, B. Wróbel, and P. Piotr Szulc, 2021. Identification of associations between SSR markers and quantitative traits of maize (Zea mays L.). Agronomy, 11(1): 182. DOI:10.3390/agronomy11010182
Cholastova, T., M. Soldanova, and R. Pokorny, 2011. Random amplified polymorphic DNA and simple sequence repeat marker efficacy for maize hybrid identification. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(24): 4794-4801
Hoxha, S., M. R. Shariflou, and P. Sharp, 2004. Evaluation of genetic diversity in Albanian maize using SSR markers. Maydica, 49(2): 97-103
Iboyi J. E., A. Abe, and V. O. Adetimirin, 2021. Microsatellite marker-based genetic diversity of tropical-adapted shrunken-2 maize inbred lines and its relationship with normal endosperm inbred lines of known heterotic classification. Plant Genetic Resources, 18(6):1-8. DOI:10.1017/S1479262120000489
Inga, G., K. Tamara, V. Boris, K. Marina, and D. Nelly, 2014. Application of PCR-based methods for rapid detection of corn ingredients in processed foods. Int J Nutr Food Sci., 3:199–202. DOI:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140303.21
Junior, A. T. A., E. C. Oliveira, L. S. A. Gonçalves, C. A. Scapim, and et al., 2011. Assessment of genetic diversity among maize accessions using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10(69): 15462-15469. DOI:10.5897/AJB10.2624
Kanagarasu, S., G. Nallathambi, K. N. Ganesan, S. Kannan, V. G. Shobhana, and N. Senthil, 2013. Determination of genetic polymorphism among indigenous and exotic maize inbreds using microsatellite markers. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(39): 5723-5728
Khoza, S., 2012. Assessment of maize germplasm lines for genetic diversity, cultivar superiority and combining ability. Master of Science plant breeding, University of KwaZulu-Natal
Kumar, A., N. Longmei, P. Kumar, and P. Kaushik, 2022. Molecular marker analysis of genetic diversity in maize: A Review. OBM Genetics, 6(1): 150. doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2201150
Kumari J., R. N. Gadag, and B. M. Prasanna, 2005. Molecular profiling of maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines using SSR markers. The Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 65(4): 249 – 252. DOI: https://doi.org
Mathiang, E. A., K. J. Sa, H. Park, Y. J. Kim, and J. K. Lee, 2022. Genetic diversity and population structure of normal maize germplasm collected in south Sudan revealed by SSR markers. Plants, 11(20): 2787. DOI:10.3390/plants11202787
Muhammad, R. W., A. Qayyum, M. Q. Ahmad, A. Hamza, M. Yousaf, B. Ahmad, M. Younas, W. Malik, S. Liaqat, and E. Noor, 2017. Characterizations of maize genotypes for genetic diversity on the basis of inter simple sequence repeats. Genet. Mol. Res., 16(1): doi: 10.4238/gmr16019438
Neelothpala, M., K. Jhansi Rani, S. Vanisri, P. Sujatha, and D. Bhadru, 2022. Genetic diversity assessment of inbred lines in maize through SSR markers. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 11(6S): 765-770
Nikolić, A., D. Ignjatović-Micić, D. Kovačević, Z. Čamdžija, M. Filipović, and S. Mladenović Drinić, 2015. Genetic diversity of maize inbred lines as inferred from SSR markers. Genetika, 47(2): 489-498. DOI:10.2298/GENSR1502489N
Pandit, M., M. Chakraborty, Z. A. Haider, A. Pande, R. Prasad Sah, and K. Sourav, 2016. Genetic diversity assay of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds based on morphometric traits and SSR markers, African Journal of Agricultural research, 11(24): 2118-2128. DOI:10.5897/AJAR2015.10404
Riwad, M. T., and M. K. Alage, 2023. Role of nano and metallic boron foliar nutrition on water stress reducing in sweet corn yield and its components. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(5): 1421- 1432. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i5.1842
Rohlf, F. J., 1998. NTSYS-pc numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.02i. Exeter Publications, New York
Sambrook, J., E. F.Fritsch, and T. Maniatas, 1989. Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, USA
Sharma D., R. Chhabra, V. Muthusamy, R. U. Zunjare, and F. Hossain, 2021. Molecular characterization of elite maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds using markers associated with iron and zinc transporter genes. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 68(3): 1-12. DOI:10.1007/s10722-020-01084-2
Sharma, T., A. Kumar, S. C. Dwivedi, and R. P. Vyas, 2018. Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of selected maize inbreds using SSR markers. Journal of Environmental Biology, 39(2): 228-236. DOI:10.22438/jeb/39/2/MRN-394
Trindade, A. P. R., R. J. Barth Pinto, A. T. AmaralJúnior, C. A. Mangolin, M. F. P. Silva Machado, and C. A. Scapim, 2010. Genetic diversity of breeding popcorn lines determined by SSR markers. Electronic J. Biotechnol., 13(1): 1-9.
DOI:10.2225/vol13-issue1-fulltext-11
Zehdi, S., et al., 2004. Genetic diversity of Tunisian date palms (Phoenix dactylifera L.) revealed by nuclear microsatellite polymprohism. Hereditas, 141(3): 278-287. DOI:10.1111/j.1601-5223.2004.01855.x
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.