EFFECT OF CULTIVARS AND HARVEST DATES ON SOME TRAITS OF YIELD IN RICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v55iSpecial.1892Keywords:
biological yield, infertility percentage, weight of 1000-grain, number of grains per panicle, panicle lengthAbstract
A field experiment was carried out at Rice Researches Station in Mashkhab, Najaf in 2020 and 2021 seasons to study the effect of cultivars and harvest date on some traits of rice yield. Randomized complete block design was applied within split-plot with four replications. Five cultivars of rice (Amber 33, Yasmin, Dijlah, Amber-albaraka and Furat 1) were distributed in the main plots and five harvest dates (harvest at physiological maturity and harvest after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of physiological maturity) in the sub-plots. The results showed significant difference among cultivars, and superiority cultivars of Dijlah, Furat 1 and Yasmin in recording the highest yield due to its superiority in number of grains per panicle or weight of grain. It can be concluded that traits of grain number in panicle and weight of 1000-grain were among the most influential traits in determining the grain yield, and date of harvest plays an active role in determining the traits of yield. Third harvest date was the best in grain yield, and early harvest before that date would cause loss of yield for all cultivars due to the high grain moisture, and delay after that date would cause a loss of yield as a result of shattering ratio of grain, in addition to difference of cultivars in recording shattering ratio according to harvest date. It can be recommended planting cultivars of Dijlah, Furat 1 and Yasmin, as they achieved the highest yield, and considering the harvest date 14 days after physiological maturity the best date to obtain the highest grain yield.
References
Al-Anawy, A. W. A. 2015. Thermal Requirements of some Rice Cultivars, Influenced by Planting Date. MSc. Thesis. College of Agriculture. Al-Qasim Green University. pp. 128.
Al-Baldawi, M. H. K, J. H. Hamza 2017. Seed priming effect on field emergence and grain yield in sorghum. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 18(2): 404-423.
doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/18.2.1915
Al-Haidary, H. K. M. A, S. K, Al-Taweel J. H, Hamza and M. H. K. Al-Baldawi, 2018. Effect of seed priming on grain growth rate and effective filling period in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Indian Journal of Agricultural Research. 52(6): 612–618. https://arccjournals.com/journal/indian-journal-of-agricultural-research/A-358
Al-Hasanie, L. N. H. and A. D. Al-Maadhedi. 2017. Influence of irrigation periods and organic fertilizer on tow rice varieties growth under the system of rice intensification (SRI). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 48(3), 823-840. 10.36103/ijas.v48i3.396
Ali, M. K. M, and J. H. Hamza, 2014. Effect of GA3 on germination characteristics and seedling growth under salt stress in maize Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science. 45(1): 6-17. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/86396
Allan, R.E. 1983. Harvest index of backcross derived wheat lines differing in culm height. Crop Sci. 25(b), 1027-1032. doi: 10.2135/cropsci1983.0011183X002300060002x
Al-Mashhadani, A. S. 2010. Effect of Seedling Age and Seedling Distances on Growth and Yield of some Rice Cultivars. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops. pp. 141.
Al-Naqeeb M.A-R, Al-Hilfy I. H. H, Hamza J.H, Al-Zubade ASM, and H.M.K. Al-Abodi 2018. Biofertilizer (EM-1) effect on growth and yield of three bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Central European Agriculture. 19(3): 530-543.
doi: 10.5513/JCEA01/19.3.2070
Al-Tai, A. A. 2002. Effect of Harvest Dates on the Yield and Quality of some Rice Cultivars. MSc. Thesis. University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops. pp. 89
Badawi, M. A., A. M. Salama, I. F. A. Mersal and N.E. Attia. 2009. Effect of seed classes, harvesting dates and storage periods on yield and seed quality of wheat. Journal of Plant Production, 34(12), 11375-11390. https://jpp.journals.ekb.eg/article_119198_bd775550c751997ab1d5e8d33c8aaa20.pdf
Chandegara, V. K, J. P. Yadavendral and D. C. Joshi. 1999. Effect of harvesting time on yield and milling quality of upland rice. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 36(3), 33-40. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272997435
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2021. How to Feed the World in 2050. Available online: https://www.fao.org
Fuller, M. P, and J. H. Hamza, 2013. Effect of osmotic potential of activator solution and temperature on viability and vigor of wheat seed. Afr. J. Agric. Res. 8(22): 2786-2792. https://academicjournals.org/journal/AJAR/article-full-text-pdf/11542A435517
Gummert, M., C. Cabardo, R. Quilloy, Y. L. Aung, A. M Thant, M. A. Kyaw and G. R. Singleton. 2020. Assessment of post-harvest losses and carbon footprint in intensive lowland rice production in Myanmar. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1-13.
doi: 10.1038%2Fs41598-020-76639-5
,Hadi, H. N. and S. B. Salem .2016. The effect of irrigation on some vegetative growth parameters and yield of rice under dry farming system. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 47(4), 1064-1069. 10.36103/ijas.v47i4.545
Hamd, A. H. M, and J. H. Hamza, 2023. Effect of stimulate of sorghum seeds with banana peel extract and citric acid on seeds viability and vigour. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1214(1): 012039. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1214/1/012039
Hamza J. H, and Ali M. K. M. 2017. Effect of seed soaking with GA3 on emergence and seedling growth of corn under salt stress. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 48(3): 650–659.
doi: 10.36103/ijas.v48i3.377
Hamza, J. H, I. A, Hamza N. R, Mohammad and L. E. Abdul-Jabaar, 2013. Stimulation of deteriorated seeds of bread wheat and test their ability to induce callus in vitro. Iraqi Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science 44(1): 58-68. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/62800
Hamza J. H. 2011. Relation of temperature in germination attributes of some bread wheat cultivars. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 42(2): 54-52. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/77930b5490114148
Hamza J. H. 2012. Seed priming of bread wheat to improve germination under drought stress. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 43(2): 100-107. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/4731a39163f77230
Jewel, M. H., M. R. Rahman, M. M Rahman and M.J. Islam .2016. Effect of variety and date of harvesting on yield performance of boro rice. Fundamental and Applied Agriculture, 1(2), 66-69. https://www.f2ffoundation.org/faa/index.php/home/article/view/60/52
Kadhim J. J, J. H. Hamza, 2021. Effect of maize seeds soaking with acids of ascorbic, citric and humic on field emergence. Iraqi J. Agric. Sci. 52(4): 971–976.
doi: 10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1407
Kadhim, J. J, and J. H. Hamza 2021. Effect of seeds soaking and vegetative parts nutrition with acids of ascorbic, citric and humic on maize growth. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 52(5): 1207–1218. 10.36103/ijas.v52i5.1458
Kadhim, J. J, and J. H. Hamza, 2021. Field emergence affected by Zea mays L. cultivars and seed soaking in acids of ascorbic, citric and humic. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 923(1): 012065. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012065
Kadhim, J. J, and J. H. Hamza, 2021. Study of seed soaking and foliar application of ascorbic acid, citric acid and humic acid on growth, yield and active components in maize. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 910(1): 012076. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/910/1/012076
Kery, A. M., H. J. Alwardi and R. S. Al-Nassr. 2019. Factors affecting the adoption of selected brands of rice in AN-NAJAF ALASHRAF province for the agricultural season. 2017. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(2), 548-556.
doi: 10.36103/ijas.v2i50.655
Khudhair, M. M, and J. H. Hamza, 2023. Effect of stimulating maize seeds with potassium nitrate and licorice extract on the seed viability and vigor. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 1225: 012093. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/1225/1/012093/pdf
Mamun, M. A. A., K. P. Halder, M. R. Manir, M. A. Hossain, M. Z. Alam and N. Akter. 2011. Effect of harvesting time on seed quality of brri Dhan29. Eco-Friendly Agri. J., 4(02), 546-549. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohammad-Alam-16/publication/272020506
Mohammed. A. H., M. R. Hassan, A. H. Khudor, F. A. Jaber and K. H. Jasem. 2013. A study of some field and laboratory standards for three cultivars of rice in Iraq. Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 3(1), 115-124. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/77767
Shahidullah, S. M., M. M. Hanafi, M. Ashrafuzzaman, M.R. Ismail, M.A. Salam and A. Khair. 2010. Biomass accumulation and
energy conversion efficiency in aromatic rice genotypes. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 333(1), 61-67. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.10.002
Sharma, R., N. Khoyumthem, N. Singh and S. K. Noren. 2005. Combining ability studies for grain yield and its component characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Indian J. Genet., 65(4), 290-292. https://www.isgpb.org/journal/index.php/IJGPB/article/view/1691/1770
Shihab, M. O, and J. H. Hamza, 2020. Seed priming of sorghum cultivars by gibberellic and salicylic acids to improve seedling growth under irrigation with saline water. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 43(13): 1951-1967. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2020.1766066
Siebenmorgen, T. J., R. C. Bautista, and P. A. Counce. 2007. Optimal harvest moisture contents for maximizing milling quality of long- and medium-grain rice cultivars. Applied Engineering in Agriculture, 23(4), 517-527. https://elibrary.asabe.org/abstract.asp?aid=2347
Steel, R. G. D, and J. H. Torrie, 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics: A biometrical approach. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 485
Surek, H. and N. Beser. 1998. A research to determine the suitable rice (Oryza sativa L.) harvesting time. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 22(4), 391-394. https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/vol22/iss4/11
Zadeh, H. M. I., T. M. Mahmood and N. Khaliliaqdam. 2014. Effect of different harvesting times on the seed quality of barley cultivars. Journal of Biological Sciences, 14(8), 532-536. doi: 10.3923/jbs.2014.532.536
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
