COMBINED EFFECT OF FLUSHING AND HORMONAL TREATMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOAT.

Authors

  • Araz O. B.
  • E. Alkass
  • M. S. Barwary

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i5.1834

Keywords:

flushing; insulin; fertility; conception; prolificacy; goat.

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the combined effect of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive aspects of local goats, 60 adult does were divided equally into two groups, the first was fed concentrate plus grazing commencing 3 weeks prior to mating and continue for 4 weeks post mating (flushed) F, whereas the 2nd group was raised on pasture only (P). All does were synchronized using impregnated with 40 mg medroxy acetate for 14 days. Following sponges withdrawn, the flushed and non- flushed does were then sub-divided in to four equal groups, the 1st flushed does were injected with 250 i.u hCG (T1), the 2nd only flushed (T2), the 3rd was only injected with hCG (T3) and the 4th was the control (T4). Results revealed that estrus response was significantly higher in T1 (100%), followed by T3 and T4 (86.66%) and T2 (80%). Fertility rate was significantly (P˂0.01) higher in T1 (80%) followed by T3 (73.33%), T4 (66.66%) and T2 (60.0%). Highest kidding rate (120.0%) and litter size (1.50) was noticed in T1, while the lowest kidding rate (86.66%) were found in T2 and T4. Insulin level was significantly higher in flushed does (6.04) compared to non-flushed does (2.81 uIU/ML).

References

Abdulkareem, T.A., S.M. Eidan, L.A.M.F. Al-Saidy, and M.R. Mahdi. 2014. Reproductive performance of Iraqi Awassi ewes owned by sheep owners and extension farms in response to flushing and estrus synchronization regimes. The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 45(3): 328-334

Acero-Camelo, A., E. Valencia, A. Rodríguez, and P.F. Randel. 2008. Effects of flushing with two energy levels on goat reproductive performance. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 20(9): 10-16

Acurero, M. D. 2000. Estrategias de suplementación en ovejas. Fonaiap Divulga (Venezuela).(Abr-Jun 2000),(66), 13-15

Ali, A. 2007. Effect of time of eCG administration on follicular response and reproductive performance of FGA-treated Ossimi ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 72(1): 33-37

Alkass, J. E., and V.J. Mayi. 2011. A survey study of sheep and goats raised under farm conditions. J. Duhok Univ, 14(1): 120-125

Alkass, J. E., H.N. Hermiz, and M. I Baper. 2021. Some aspects of reproductive efficiency in awassi ewes: A review. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural sciences, 52(1): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i1.1232

Alkass, J. E., M.K. Asofi, and H.I. Ammar. 2003. Effect of time of insemination on some reproductive performances in Iraqi local goats. Dirasat, 30, 79-83

Alkass, J.E., M.S. Barwary, and K.H. Derwesh. 2009. Observation on reproductive traits of goats maintained under farm condition. J.Duhok University. 12 (2): P 87-89

Alvarado-Espino, A. S., C.A. Meza-Herrera, E. Carrillo, V.H. González-Álvarez, J.M. Guillen-Muñoz, O. Ángel-García, M. Mellado, and F. G. Véliz-Deras. 2016. Reproductive outcomes of Alpine goats primed with progesterone and treated with human chorionic gonadotropin during the anestrus-to-estrus transition season. Animal reproduction science, 167, 133-138

Araz, O. B., J.E. Alkass, and M.S. Barwary. 2022. Reproductive performance in response to different hormonal treatments in local goats. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 53(3):604-610. . https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i3.1570

Birhanie, M., M. Zenebe, and H. Hagos. 2020. Effect of nutritional flushing on reproductive and body weight performance of Abergelle goat does. International Journal of Livestock Production, 11(2): 68-71

Chemineau, P., A. Daveau, Y. Cognié, G. Aumont, and D.Chesneau. 2004. Seasonal ovulatory activity exists in tropical Creole female goats and Black Belly ewes subjected to a temperate photoperiod. BMC

Physiology, 4(1): 1-11

Chowdhury, S. A., M. S. A. Bhuiyan, and S. Faruk. 2002. Rearing Black Bengal goat under semi-intensive management 1. Physiological and reproductive performances. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 15(4): 477-484

Contreras-Solis, I., B. Vasquez, T. Diaz, C. Letelier, A. Lopez-Sebastian, and A. Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2009. Ovarian and endocrine responses in tropical sheep treated with reduced doses of cloprostenol. Animal reproduction science, 114(4), 384-392

Daghigh. H. K.. W.C. Mohamadi, A.K. Hossein, G. Moghaddam, A. Rashidi, H. Sadri, and S. Alijani. 2011. Effects of flushing and hormonal treatment on reproductive performance of Iranian Markhoz goats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 96(6): 1157-1164.DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01234.x

De Santiago-Miramontes., M. Angeles, J. R. Luna-Orozco, C. A. Meza-Herrera, R. Rivas-Muñoz, E. Carrillo, and M. Mellado. 2011. The effect of flushing and stimulus of estrogenized does on reproductive performance of anovulatory-range goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43(8): 1595-1600

Dias, L. M. K., J.N.S. Sales, P. Viau, M.B.P. Barros, S.S. Nicolau, L.M.S. Simões, N.G. Alves, M.A. Alonso, R. Valentim, and C.A.D. Oliveira. 2018. Although it induces synchronized ovulation, hCG reduces the fertility of Santa Ines ewes submitted to TAI. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 70(1):122-130

Diaz, T., E.P. Schmitt, R.L. De La Sota, M.J. Thatcher, and W.W. Thatcher, 1998. Human chorionic gonadotropin-induced alterations in ovarian follicular dynamics during the estrous cycle of heifers. Journal of Animal Science, 76(7), 1929-1936

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization).2014. Global information and early warning system on food and agriculture (GIEWS) Special Alert. Available at http://www.fao.org. No. 332(3):1-45

Farrag, B. 2019. Productive characteristics and reproductive responses to estrus synchronization and flushing in abou-delik ewes grazing in arid rangelands in halaieb-shalateen-Abouramad Triangle of Egypt. World's Veterinary Journal, 9(3): 201-210

Fonseca, J. F., J.H. Bruschi, F.N. Zambrini, E. Demczuk, J.H.M. Viana, and M. P. Palhão, 2005. Induction of synchronized estrus in dairy goats with different gonadotrophins. Animal Reproduction.2(1): 50– 53

Ginther, O.J., M.A. Beg, E.L. Gastal, M.O. Gastal, and D.A. Cooper. 2009. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for ovulation induction is associated with an immediate 17β-estradiol decrease and a more rapid LH increase in mares. Animal reproduction science, 114(1-3): 311-317

Gonzalez-Alvarez, V. H., C.A. Meza-Herrera, C. Leyva, A.S. Alvarado-Espino, J.M. Guillén-Muñoz, R. Rodríguez-Martínez, and F.G. Véliz-Deras. 2016. Effectiveness of different hCG and GnRH based protocols in progesterone primed goats on estrus induction and reproductive outcomes in out-off-season goats. Journal of Animal Research, 6(2): 177-182

Haruna, S., T. Kuroiwa, W. Lu, J. Zabuli, T. Tanaka, and H. Kamomae. 2009. The effects of short-term nutritional stimulus before and after the luteolysis on metabolic status, reproductive hormones and ovarian activity in goats. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 55(1): 39–44.

Henderson, K.M., L.E. Kieboom, K.P. McNatty, S. Lun, and D.A. Heath. 1984. [125I] hCG binding to bovine thecal tissue from healthy and atretic antral follicles. Molecular and cellular endocrinology, 34(2): 91-98

Hess, B.W., S.L. Lake, E.J. Scholljegerdes, T.R. Weston, V. Nayigihugu, J.D.C. Molle, and G. E. Moss. 2005. Nutritional controls of beef cow reproduction. Journal of Animal Science, 83(suppl_13), E90-E106

Juma, K. H., K.M. Asofi, and M.A.G. Alkirma. 2001. Study of fertility and prolificacy in goats and some factors affecting them. Dirasat, 28:40-46

Juma, k.H. and J.E.Alkass. 2005. Native goats of Iraq :A reviews Dirasat: 32(2):180-188

Karikari, P. K., and E. Y. Blasu. 2009. Influence of nutritional flushing prior to mating on the performance of West African Dwarf goats mated in the rainy season. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8(7): 1068-1073

Khan, T. H., P. M. Hastie. N. F. G. Beck, and M. Khalid. 2003. hCG treatment on day of mating improves embryo viability and fertility in ewe lambs. Animal reproduction science, 76(1-2): 81-89

Khanthusaeng, V., C. Navanukraw, T. Moonmanee, J. Thammasiri, and S.Boonkong .2012. Effect of short-term and long-term synthetic progesterone on estrous synchronization and conception rate in Thai-native goat. Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences, 11, 449-454

Kusina, N.T., T. Chinuwo, H. Hamudikuwanda, L.R. Ndlovu, and S. Muzanenhamo. 2001. Effect of different dietary energy level intakes on efficiency of estrus synchronization and fertility in Mashona goat does. Small Ruminant Research, 39(3): 283-288

Landau, S., and G.Molle. 1997. Nutrition effects on fertility in small ruminants with an emphasis on Mediterranean sheep breeding systems. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A: Seminaires Mediterraneens (CIHEAM). pp: 203-216

Lapthorn, A., D.C. Harris, A. Littlejohn, J.W. Lustbader, R.E. Canfield, K.J. Machin, F.J. Morgan, and N.W. Isaacs. 1994. Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin. Nature, 369(6480), 455-461

Lindsay, D. R. 1991. Reproduction in the Sheep And Goat. In Reproduction In Domestic Animals (pp. 491-515). Academic Press

Machado, R, and A. A. Simplício. 2001. Evaluation of hormonal programs to induce and synchronize estrus in goats. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 36, 171-178

Marquezini, G. H. L., C.R. Dahlen, S.L. Bird, and G.C. Lamb. 2011. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to suckled beef cows before ovulation synchronization and fixed-time insemination: replacement of gonadotropin-releasing hormone with human chorionic gonadotropin. Journal of animal science, 89(10): 3030-3039

Martínez de Acuero, M., G. Mazzarri, J. Rodríguez, H. Quintana, and C. Chicco. 1986. Suplementación energética y proteica pre-servicio en ovejas West African. Zootecnia Trop, 4(1-2): 19-28

Marzouk, K.M., A.I. El Zanouny, and M.A. Kaoud, 2018. Flushing vs. Hormonal treatment, which better improve the reproductive performance of Ossimi ewes. Egyptian Journal of Sheep and Goats Sciences, 13(2): 18-25

Meza‐Herrera, C. A., T. Ross, D. Hallford, D. Hawkins, and A. Gonzalez‐Bulnes. 2007. Effects of body condition and protein supplementation on LH secretion and luteal function in sheep. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 42(5): 461-465

Mohammed, N. J., and J. E. Alkass. 2021. The combined effect of suckling system and weaning weight on milk traits of native sheep. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(3):691-696. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1360

Moonmanee, T., and S.Yammuen-art. 2015. Relationships among feed intake, blood metabolites, follicle size and progesterone concentration in ewes exhibiting or not exhibiting estrus after estrous synchronization in the tropics. Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 5, 151-158

Munoz-Gutierrez, M., D. Blache, G. B. Martin, and R.J. Scaramuzzi. 2004. Ovarian follicular expression of mRNA encoding the type I IGF receptor and IGF-binding protein-2 in sheep following five days of nutritional supplementation with glucose, glucosamine or lupins. Reproduction, 128(6): 747-756

Munoz-Gutierrez, M., D. Blache, G.B. Martin, and R.J. Scaramuzzi. 2002. Folliculogenesis and ovarian expression of mRNA encoding aromatase in anoestrous sheep after 5 days of glucose or glucosamine infusion or supplementary lupin feeding. Reproduction-Cambridge-, 124(5): 721-731

Munoz-Gutierrez, M., P.A. Findlay, C.L. Adam, G. Wax, B.K. Campbell, N.R. Kendall, M. Khalid, M. Forsberg, and R.J. Scaramuzzi. 2005. The ovarian expression of mRNAs for aromatase, IGF-I receptor, IGF-binding protein-2,-4 and-5, leptin and leptin receptor in cycling ewes after three days of leptin infusion. Reproduction, 130(6): 869-881

Muthuramalingam, T., P. Pothiappan, P.T. Gnanaraj, T. Devi, and S.Rangasamy. 2014. Effect of flushing on reproductive performance and synchronization of estrus in tellicherry does. Indian J. Anim. Reprod, 35, 34-35

Mustafa, K. N. S. 2021. Effect of formaldehyde-protected diets on milk yield, composition and some blood biochemical parameters in karadi ewes. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(5):1094-1100. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i5.1447

Naqvi, S. M. K., N.M. Soren, and S.A. Karim. 2011. Effect of concentrate supplementation on performance, ovarian response, and some biochemical profile of Malpura ewes. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43(5): 905-913

Naqvi, S. M. K., V. Sejian, and S.A. Karim. 2012. Effect of feed flushing during summer season on growth, reproductive performance and blood metabolites in Malpura ewes under semiarid tropical environment. Tropical Animal Health And Production, 45(1): 143-148

O’Callaghan, D., H. Yaakub, P. Hyttel, L.J. Spicer, and M.P. Boland. 2000. Effect of nutrition and superovulation on oocyte morphology, follicular fluid composition and systemic hormone concentrations in ewes. Journal of reproduction and fertility, 118(2): 303-314

Ohkura, S., T. Ichimaru, F. Itoh, S. Matsuyama, and H.Okamura. 2004. Further evidence for the role of glucose as a metabolic regulator of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity in goats. Endocrinology, 145(7): 3239-3246

Ozyurtlu, N., I. Kucukaslan, and Y.Cetin. 2010. Characterization of oestrous induction response, oestrous duration, fecundity and fertility in Awassi ewes during the non‐breeding season utilizing both CIDR and intravaginal sponge treatments. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 45(3): 464-467

Rowe, J. D., and N.B. East. 1996. Comparison of two sources of gonadotropin for estrus synchronization in does. Theriogenology, 45(8): 1569-1575

Sabra, H. A., and S.G. Hassan. 2008. Effect of new regime of nutritional flushing on reproductive performances of Egyptian Barki ewes. Global Veterinaria, 2(1): 28-31

SAS. 2012. Statistical Analysis System, User's Guide. Statistical. Version 9.1th ed. SAS. Inst. Inc. Cary. N.C. USA

Scaramuzzi, R.J., B.K. Campbell, J.A. Downing, N.R. Kendall, M. Khalid, M. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, and A. Somchit. 2006. A review of the effects of supplementary nutrition in the ewe on the concentrations of reproductive and metabolic hormones and the mechanisms that regulate folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 46(4): 339-354

Sejian, V., V.P. Maurya, and S. M. K. Naqvi. 2011. Effect of thermal, nutritional and combined (thermal and nutritional) stresses on growth and reproductive performance of Malpura ewes under semi-arid tropical environment. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 95, 252-258

Sejian, V., V.P. Maurya, S. M. K. Naqvi, D. Kumar, and A.Joshi. 2010. Effect of induced body condition score differences on physiological response, productive and reproductive performance of Malpura ewes kept in a hot, semi‐arid environment. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 94(2): 154-161

Selvaraju, S., S.K. Agarwal, S.D. Karche, and A.C. Majumdar. 2003. Ovarian response, embryo production and hormonal profile in superovulated goats treated with insulin. Theriogenology, 59(5-6): 1459-1468

Serin, I., G. Serin, M. Yilmaz, F. Kiral, and A.Ceylan. 2010. The effects of body weight, Body Condition Score, age, lactation, serum trygliceride, cholesterol and paraoxanase levels on pregnancy rate of Saanen goats in breeding season. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 9(13): 1848-1851

Shahneh, Z., A. Sadeghipanah, H.J. Barfourooshi, and M.A. Emami-Mibody. 2008. Effects of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration and flushing on reproductive performance in Nadooshan goats of Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7(18): 3373–3379

Shahneh, Z., A., H. Deldar Tajangookeh, H. Sadeghipanah, and A.A. Saki, 2006. Effect of controlled internal drug release device treatment duration and eCG dose on reproductive performance of seasonally anestrous fat-tailed Iranian ewes. Pak. J. Biol. Sci, 9, 1552-1555

Tanaka, T., K.I. Fujiwara, S. Kim, H. Kamomae, and Y.Kaneda. 2004. Ovarian and hormonal responses to a progesterone-releasing controlled internal drug releasing treatment in dietary-restricted goats. Animal reproduction science, 84(1-2): 135-146

Tayeb, M. A. M. O. A. G. Al-Zeadan, and N. M. Basher. 2020. Effect of using sodium bicarbonate and mixture of vitamin e and selenium in production performance of awassi ewes. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciencesm 51(1):311-316. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i1.929

Teleni, E., J.B. Rowe, K.P. Croker, P.J. Murray, and W.R. King. 1989. Lupins and energy-yielding nutrients in ewes. II. Responses in ovulation rate in ewes to increased availability of glucose, acetate and amino acids. Reproduction, Fertility and Development, 1(2): 117-125

Viñoles, C., A. Gonzalez de Bulnes, G.B. Martin, F. Sales, and S.Sale. 2010. Chapter 11: Sheep and goats. In ‘Atlas of Ruminant and Camelid Reproductive Ultrasonography’.(Eds L. DesCôteaux, J. Colloton and G. Gnemi.) pp. 181–210

Viñoles, C., M. Forsberg, G.B. Martin, C. Cajarville, J. Repetto, and A.Meikle. 2005. Short-term nutritional supplementation of

ewes in low body condition affects follicle development due to an increase in glucose and metabolic hormones. Reproduction,129 (3): 299-309

Webb, E.C., and M.J. Mamabolo. 2004. Production and reproduction characteristics of South African indigenous goats in communal farming systems. South African Journal of Animal Science, 34(5):236-239

Wettemann, R.P., C.A. Lents, N.H. Ciccioli, F.J. White, and I. Rubio. 2003. Nutritional-and suckling-mediated anovulation in beef cows. Journal of Animal science, 81(14-suppl2) ,E48-E59

Ying, S., Z. Wang, C. Wang, H. Nie, D. He, R. Jia, and F.Wang. 2011. Effect of different levels of short-term feed intake on folliculogenesis and follicular fluid and plasma concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and hormones in Hu sheep during the luteal phase. Reproduction, 142(5): 699-710

Zabuli, J., T. Tanaka, W. Lu, and H.Kamomae. 2010. Intermittent nutritional stimulus by short-term treatment of high-energy diet promotes ovarian performance together with increases in blood levels of glucose and insulin in cycling goats. Animal Reproduction Science, 122(3-4): 288-293

Zamiri, M. J., and M. Hosseini. 1998. Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and phenobarbital on the reproductive performance of fat-tailed Ghezel ewes. Small Ruminant Research, 30(3): 157-161.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-29

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Araz O. B., E. Alkass, & M. S. Barwary. (2023). COMBINED EFFECT OF FLUSHING AND HORMONAL TREATMENT ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF LOCAL GOAT. IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, 54(5), 1329-1338. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i5.1834

Publication Dates

Similar Articles

1-10 of 56

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.