EFFECT OF INDOLE EXTRACTED FROM UROPATHOGENIC E. coli ON SOME CELL LINES IN COMPARABLE WITH STANDARD INDOLE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i5.1815Keywords:
heterocyclic, cytotoxicity, anticancer, effective compounds, PC3, A375, HepG2.Abstract
Indole mechanism as an interspecies signal particle to adjust various physiological actions, like virulence, antimicrobial and acid resistance. This study was aimed to use partial purified indole extracted from uropathogenic E. coli and study the cytotoxic effect on some cancer cell lines (A375, HepG2, PC3) and comparable with normal cell line (WRL- 68). Serial dilutions of natural and synthetic standard indole were tested (400, 200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 μg/mL). The results show a low cytotoxic effect for both natural and synthetic indoles in HepG2 and A375 cell lines as well as this degree of cytotoxicity was obviously appeared in normal cell line WRL-68 with no significant differences among them. While, both indoles effect was appeared high cytotoxic effect on PC3 cell line, this increasing has a significant difference with WRL-68. Thus, it can be suggesting that, this type of indole is not favorable for treatment of some types of cancer, and may has a specific biological activity against exact cancer cells.
References
Abdulhasan, G. A. 2021. Lemongrass essential oil shows an antiproliferative effect on lung cancer cells and its role in expression of P53 gene. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(2):359-366. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1297
Aggarwal, B. B., and H. Ichikawa. 2005. Molecular targets and anticancer potential of indole-3-carbinol and its derivatives. Cell Cycle, 4(9), 1201-1215
Ahmad, A., W. A. Sakr, and K. M. Rahman. 2011. Mechanisms and therapeutic implications of cell death induction by indole compounds. Cancers, 3(3): 2955-2974
Ali, I., L. M. Nadeem, Z. Al-Othman, A. Al-Warthan, and M. Marsin Sanagi. 2015. Heterocyclic scaffolds: centrality in anticancer drug development. Current Drug Targets, 16(7): 711-734
Al-Sa'ady, A. J. R., & Aziz, G. M. 2021. Immobilization and application of partial purified lovastatin produced from local isolate Aspergillus terreus A50 using solid state fermentation. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(2):377-391. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1299
Altaee, M. F., R. W. Younis, and Z. K. Kamona. 2020. Activity of Annona squamosa peels extracts against two pathogenic bacteria and two blood cancer cell lines. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 51(6):1496-1503. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i6.1177
Ayeda, M. M., and J. M. Awda 2023. Cytotoxic activity of basil seeds (Ocimum baslicum L) extracts on some breast cancer cell lines (in vitro). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(4):928-938 https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1782
Chiacchio, M. A., D. Iannazzo, R. Romeo, S. V. Giofrè, and L. Legnani. 2019. Pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as privileged scaffolds in biologically active agents. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 26(40): 7166-7195
Faqri, A. A., N. H. Hayder, and A. J. Hashim. 2019. Lab-scale production of rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa A3 and study its synergistic effect with certain antibiotics against some pathogenic bacteria. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science, 50(5):1290-1301. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v50i5.794
Fazlul, H. S., and L. Yiwei. 2004. Indole-3-Carbinol and Prostate Cancer. The Journal of Nutrition, 134(12): 3493S–3498S
Gribble, G. W. 2010. Heterocyclic Scaffolds II: Reactions and Applications of Indoles (26). Springer Science and Business Media
Hamad, S. F., Z. O.Salman, , and B.M. J. Alwash. 2021. Assessment of antioxidant and cytotoxic activiy of essential oil extracted from lavandula angustifolia callus leaves. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(6):1549-1554. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i6.1496
Hu, W. P., H. S. Yu, P. J. Sung, F. Y. Tsai, Y. K. Shen, L. S. Chang, and J. J. Wang. 2007. DC-81-Indole conjugate agent induces mitochondria mediated apoptosis in human melanoma A375 cells. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 20(6): 905-912
Kaur, K., and V. Jaitak. 2019. Recent development in indole derivatives as anticancer agents for breast cancer. Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Cancer Agents), 19(8): 962-983
Kaushik, N. K., N. Kaushik, P. Attri, N. Kumar, C. H. Kim, A. K. Verma, and E. H. Choi. 2013. Biomedical Importance of Indoles. Molecules, 18(6): 6620-6662
Lee, J. H., and J. Lee. 2010. Indole as an intercellular signal in microbial communities. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 34(4): 426-444
Liu, X., T. Zhang, X. Li, G. Zhao, and F. Xie. 2018. Effects of 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b] indole (AαC) metabolic bio-activation on oxidative DNA damage in human hepatoma G2 (HepG2) cells. Toxicol Mech Methods, 28(3): 230-237
Miller, K. D., R. L. Siegel, C. C. Lin, A. B. Mariotto, J. L. Kramer, J. H. Rowland, and A. Jemal. 2016. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 66(4): 271-289
Pandurang, T. M. 2016. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Studies of Selected Indole-Based Heterocycles. Ph.D. dissertation, BITS Pilani
Pérez-Herrero, E., and A. Fernández-Medarde. 2015. Advanced targeted therapies in cancer: Drug nanocarriers, the future of chemotherapy. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 93: 52-79
Piechulla, B., M. C. Lemfack, and N. Magnus. 2020. Bioactive Bacterial Organic Volatiles: An Overview and Critical Comments. Bacterial Volatile Compounds as Mediators of Airborne Interactions, 39-92
Sachdeva, H., J. Mathur, and A. Guleria. 2020. Indole derivatives as potential anticancer agents: A review. Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society, 65(3): 4900-4907
Shafakat A. N., D. B. Ahmad, V. Pradhan, and M. Farooqui. 2013. Chemistry and biology of indoles and indazoles: a mini-review. Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, 13(12): 1792-1800
Sheryn, W., M. Ninomiya, M. Koketsu, and S. A. Hasbullah. 2020. In-vitro cytotoxicity of synthesized phthalide-fused indoles and indolines against HL-60 and HepG2 cells. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(2): 3856-3865
Zhong, Q., F. Cheng, J. Liang, X. Wang, Y. Chen, X. Fang, and Y. Hang. 2019. Profiles of volatile indole emitted by Escherichia coli based on CDI-MS. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 1-6.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.