PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEED DRILL- FERTILIZER UNDER TWO DIFFERENT FARMING SYSTEMS AND TRACTOR PRACTICAL SPEEDS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1809Keywords:
draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, germination rate.Abstract
This study was aim to investigate performance of seed drill - fertilizer (GIL-SAX multisem18) was evaluated under two different farming systems (till and no-till) and tractor speeds (5.28, 7.76 and 8.30 km.h-1). The characteristics were measured including draft force, wheel slip, seed delivery rate, and germination rate. The experiment was organized as a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The significant difference was examined using the least significant difference tests at a P≤0.05. The results showed a minimum draft force and wheel slip under the till system and tractor speed of 5.28 km.h-1 interaction. The lowest seed delivery rate was found when no-till was practiced with a speed of 5.28 km.h-1. Adopting the no-till system with the speed of 7.76 km.h-1 achieved the highest germination rate. The till system achieved the lowest fuel cost in economic analysis 8395 IQD. ha-1 at a speed of 8.30 km.h-1, while the no-till system achieved the lowest cost of seeds 65066 IQD. ha-1 and sowing operation cost 36079 IQD. ha-1 at speed 5.28 km.h-1. Irrigation and agronomy indicators should be addressed in the further work.
References
Aguirre-Rojas, L. M., L. K. Khalaf and C. M. Smith 2019. Barley varieties stoneham and sydney exhibit mild antibiosis and antixenosis resistance to the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella (Keifer). Agronomy. 9(11) 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110748
Aguirre-Rojas, L. M., L. K. Khalaf, S. Garcés-Carrera, D. K. Sinha, W. P. Chuang, and C. M. Smith 2017. Resistance to wheat curl mite in arthropod-resistant rye-wheat translocation lines. Agronomy, 7(4), p.74. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040074
Aikins, K. A., D. L. Antille, T. A. Jensen, and J. Blackwell. Performance comparison of residue management units of no-tillage sowing systems: A review, Engineering in Agriculture, Environment and Food, 12, (2)181-190, 2019.
Al-Ani, A. and F. S. Al-Ani 2010. The relationship between tractor practical velocity and different moisture content on plowing soil layer. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 41: 124-129. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v41i3
Al-ani, F. S. 2012. Studying some technical indicators for a cotton planter under dry conditions. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 43: 102-111. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v43i4
Al-Aani, F. S., M. J. Darr, L.J. Powell, and B.R. Covington 2018. Design and validation of an electronic data logging systems (CAN Bus) for monitoring machinery performance and management-Planting application. In 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting (p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Al-Aani, F. S., M. J. Darr, B. R.Covington, and L. J. Powell 2016. The performance of farm tractors as reported by can-bus messages. In 2016 ASABE Annual International Meeting (p. 1). American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Almaliki, S. A., M. S. Himoud, and S. J. Muhsin 2021. Mathematical model for mvaluating slippage of tractor under various field conditions. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 34, (1), p: 49-59.
AlShabar, S. H., A. Timm, and L. Khalaf 2021, November. Population variation of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in Baghdad province, central Iraq. In 2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change (pp. 138-141). IEEE. doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.202 1.9668098
Alsudani,A. H. E. and A. D. K. Al-Hiyali 2021. An economic analysis of the effect of some economic variables on the structure of agricultural employment in iraq for the period 1990-2017. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52, (3), p: 682-690. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1359
Arif, M., S. Atta, M. A. Bashir, M. I. Khan, A. Hussain, M. Shahjahan, M. S. Alwahibi, and M. S. Elshikh 2021. The impact of fosetyl-aluminium application timing on karnal bunt suppression and economic returns of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plos one, 16, e0244931.
Babu, U., A. K. Shukla, A. Kumar, and R. K. Meena 2021. Effect of Sowing Methods and Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): A Review. 2,(2), 18-22
Baazeem, A., S. S. Alotaibi, L. K. Khalaf, U. Kumar, M. Zaynab, S. Alharthi, H. Darwish, A. Alghamdi, S. K. Jat, A. Al-Barty, and B. Albogami, 2022. Identification and environment-friendly biocontrol potential of five different bacteria against Aphis punicae and Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Frontiers in Microbiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.961349
Bennett, J. M., S. D. Roberton, S. Marchuk, N. P. Woodhouse, D. L. Antille, T. A. Jensen, and T. Keller 2019. The soil structural cost of traffic from heavy machinery in Vertisols. Soil and Tillage Research, 185, 85-93.
Besançon, T. E. 2021. Cranberry germination and emergence response to environmental factors and seeding depth. HortScience, 56, 1089-1096.
Bulgakov, V., S. Pascuzzi, V. Nadykto, S. Ivanovs, and V. Adamchuk, 2021. Experimental study of the implement-and-tractor aggregate used for laying tracks of permanent traffic lanes inside controlled traffic farming systems. Soil and Tillage Research, 208, 104895.
Castellini, M., L. Giglio, and F. Modugno, 2020. Sampled soil volume effect on soil physical quality determination: A case study on conventional tillage and no-tillage of the soil under winter wheat. Soil Systems, 4, 72.
Chuang, W. P., L. M. A. Rojas, L. K. Khalaf, G. Zhang, A. K. Fritz, A. E. Whitfield, and C. M. Smith 2017. Wheat genotypes with combined resistance to wheat curl mite, wheat streak mosaic virus, wheat mosaic virus, and triticum mosaic virus. Journal of economic entomology, 110(2), pp.711-718.
Da Silva, M. F., M. M. H. Fernandes, C. Fernandes, A. M. R. da Silva, A. S. Ferraudo, and A. P. Coelho, 2021. Contribution of tillage systems and crop succession to soil structuring. Soil and Tillage Research, 209, 104924.
El-Shater, T., A. Mugera, and Y. A. Yigezu, 2020. Implications of Adoption of Zero tillage (ZT) on productive efficiency and production risk of wheat production. Sustainability, 12, 3640.
Ewaid, S. H., S. A. Abed, and N. Al-Ansari, 2019. Water Footprint of Wheat in Iraq. Water, 11, 535.
Gülser, F., S. Salem, and C. Gülser, 2020. Changes in some soil properties of wheat fields under conventional and reduced tillage systems in Northern Iraq. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 9, 314-320.
Huang, Y., W. Ren, L.Wang, D. Hui, J. H. Grove, X. Yang, B. Tao, and B. Goff 2018. Greenhouse gas emissions and crop yield in no-tillage systems: A meta-analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 268, 144-153.
Iqbal, S., N. Iqbal, U. B. Khalid, M. U. Saleem, A. Iram, M. Rizwan, M. Sabar, and T. H. Awan 2021. Growth, yield and economic analysis of dry-seeded basmati rice. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 37.
Jamil, I., W. Jun, B. Mughal, J. Wheed, H. Hussain, and M. Waseem, 2021. Agricultural innovation: A comparative analysis of economic benefits gained by farmers under climate resilient and conventional agricultural practices. Land Use Policy, 108, 105581.
Khalaf, L., A. Timm, W. P. Chuang, L. Enders, T. J. Hefley and C. M. Smith 2020. Modeling Aceria tosichella biotype distribution over geographic space and time. Plos one. 15(5) p.e0233507. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233507
Khalaf, L., W. P. Chuang, L. M. Aguirre-Rojas, P. Klein, and C. M. Smith 2019. Differences in Aceria tosichella population responses to wheat resistance genes and wheat virus transmission. Arthropod-Plant Interactions. 13, 807-818. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-019-09717-9
Khalaf, L. K., M. Adhab, L. M. Aguirre-Rojas and A. E. Timm 2023. Occurrences of wheat curl mite Aceria tosichella Keifer 1969 (Eriophyidae) and the associated viruses, (WSMV, HPWMoV, TriMV) in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(3), pp. 837–849.
doi: 10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1767.
Kumar, A. and J. Singh 2021. Development and testing of tractor drawn subsurface manure applicator. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 10, 231-237.
Kuş, E., and Y. Yıldırım 2021. Optimization of the shoe furrow openers designed in different heights for vacuum single-seed planter. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 58.
Labad, R., N. Louahdi, S. Zouaoui, F. Harrad, Z. Mohammedi, and M. A., Feddal 2021. Analysis of the mechanical performance of no-till seed drills in Algeria: Impact on crop yield. Algerian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
Lei, X., H. Hu, W. Wu, H. Liu, L. Liu, W. Yang, Z. Zhou, and W. Ren 2021. Seed motion characteristics and seeding performance of a centralised seed metering system for rapeseed investigated by DEM simulation and bench testing. Biosystems Engineering, 203, 22-33.
Meselhy, A. A. E. 2021. Effect of Variable-Depth Tillage System on Energy Requirements for Tillage Operation and Productivity of Desert Soil. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 7, 38.
Mishra, J. S., S. P. Poonia, R. Kumar, R. Dubey, V. Kumar, S. Mondal, S. K. Dwivedi, K. K. Rao, R. Kumar, and M. Tamta 2021. An impact of agronomic practices of sustainable rice-wheat crop intensification on food security, economic adaptability, and environmental mitigation across eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains. Field crops research, 267, 108164.
Mohammed, M. A. A., A.-M. H. Al-Rawi, and T. J. M. Dlem 2020. The effect of forwarding speed and sowing depth on the stability of the chisel furrow openers for the maize planter (özduman) and its effect on field performance indicators.
Muscalu, A., C. Tudora, L. Vlăduțoiu, C. Vlad, and A. Dorogan 2021. Precision sowing of vegetable seeds using electrically operated distribution devices. 2021. EDP Sciences, 03015.
Mustafa, G., M. Tahir, S. A. Anjum, and M. Yaseen 2021. Development of low input, no-till wheat seeding technologies for crop residues management in rice-wheat cropping system. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 58.
Noora, R. S., F. Hussainb, M. U. Farooqc, R. Noord, and M. M. Waqase 2021. Evaluating performance of water seed drill for wheat production: a sustainable technique under rainfed agricultural system.
Rahim, F. I. and J. S. Ahmed, 2021. Marketing and value chain analysis for the marketing loop of the wheat crop in salah al-din governorate of iraq for the agricultural season 2018. Plant Archives, 21, 1178-1182.
Shaw, N., R. S. Barak, R. E. Campbell, A. Kirmer, S. Pedrini, K. Dixon, and S. Frischie 2020. Seed use in the field: delivering seeds for restoration success. Restoration Ecology, 28, S276-S285.
Singh, Y. P., S. S. Tomar, and S. Singh, 2021. Effect of precise levelling, tillage and seed sowing methods of pearlmillet based cropping systems on productivity and soil quality in dryland area. Soil and Tillage Research, 212, 105069.
Tariq, F. S., N. Kka, A. M. Khudhur, A. N. Ahmad, and G. Dawdy 2021. Passage of wheat fire impact on soil properties and environment in kurdistan region. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52, 2, p: 461-470. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1308
Thiyagarajan, R. and B. S. M. Manoharan, 2020. Evaluation of seed drill on productivity and resultant seed quality of rainfed horsegram. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 9, 2100-2108.
Twizerimana, A., E. Niyigaba, I. Mugenzi, W. A. Li, C. Ngnadong, T. Q. Hao, B. J. Shio, and J. B. Hai 2020. The combined effect of different sowing methods and seed rates on the quality features and yield of winter wheat. Agriculture, 10, 153.
Winkler, B., A. Mangold, M. Von Cossel, J. Clifton-Brown, M. Pogrzeba, I. Lewandowski, Y. Iqbal, and A. Kiesel, 2020. Implementing miscanthus into farming systems: A review of agronomic practices, capital and labour demand. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 132, 110053.
Zilpilwar, S. and R. Yadav 2021. Performance evaluation of tractor-operated garlic (allium sativum L.) clove planter. Journal of Agricultural Engineering, 58, 1.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
