ASSESSEMENT OF WATER QUALITY OF DIYALA RIVER USING OVERALL INDEX OF POLLUTION (OIP) IN IRAQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1748Keywords:
Over Index of Pollution, Water Quality, Tigris River, IraqAbstract
The present study was performed to assess the seasonal changes in the water quality of Diyala River (Diyala Governorate, Iraq), from five sites along the river during the period from September 2020 to April 2021, by applying the Overall Index of Pollution (OIP). OIP is one of the reliable indicators in evaluating the quality of surface water. To calculate the value of the OIP, twelve parameters were measured in the water samples, which are (water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, and concentrations of dissolved nitrates and phosphates). The results showed spatial and temporal variation of physicochemical parameters. The obtained values of OIP (1.72-2.72) revealed acceptable water quality in some sites to slight pollution in the others sites. The current study recommends establishing a novel program for the maintenance and control of Iraqi waters. Such program should be based on scientific means to handle changes that occurred during the past years, such as insufficient release of Iraq’s water shares by neighboring countries, low-rate precipitation rates, and practices of water abuse committed by the population.
References
Abbas, A. A. A., and F. M. Hassan, 2018. Water quality assessment of Euphrates river in Qadisiyah province (Diwaniyah river), Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(2): 251-261. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v49i2.229
Abbas, N., S. A. Wasimi, and N. Al-Ansari, 2016. Impacts of climate change on water resources in Diyala river Basin, Iraq. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 10(9): 1059-1074
Abbasi, T., and S. A. Abbasi, 2012. Water quality indices. Elsevier. London, UK
Acharya, S., S. K. Sharma, and V. Khandegar, 2018. Assessment of groundwater quality by water quality indices for irrigation and drinking in South West Delhi, India. Data in brief, 18, 2019
Al-Ani, R. R., A. M. J. Al Obaidy, and F. M. Hassan, 2019. Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(1): 331-342. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v50i1.299
Aljanabi, Z. Z., A. H. M. J. Al-Obaidy, and F. M. Hassan, 2021. A brief review of water quality indices and their applications. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 779(1): 012088 IOP Publishing
Al-Mayah, W. T., and A. M. Rabee, 2018. Application of overall index of pollution (OIP) for the evaluating of the water quality in Al-Gharraf River southern of Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Sciences, 59(2A): 660-669
Al-Sudani, I. M. 2021. Water quality assessment of Tigris River using overall index of pollution (OIP). Baghdad Sciences Journal, 18(2 (Suppl.)): pp:1095-1095
APHA–American Public Health Association . Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 2012. Washington. DC: American Public Health Association, pp:46
Bhargava, D. S. 1983. Use of water quality index for river classification and zoning of Ganga River. Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical, 6(1): 51-67
Darweesh, S. A. F. 2017. Water quality assessment of Tigris River by diatoms community between Al-Aziziyah and Kut/Iraq (Doctoral dissertation, Ph.D. Dissertation, College of Science, Tikrit University, Iraq). pp:181
Debels, P., R. Figueroa, R. Urrutia, R. Barra, and X. Niell, 2005. Evaluation of water quality in the Chillán River (Central Chile) using physicochemical parameters and a modified water quality index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 110(1): 301-322
Hashim, A. G. 2017. The physico-chemical properties of southern part of Diyala River water. IJS, 58(4C): 2322-2331
Hassan, F. M., and A. O. Shaawiat, 2015. Qualitative and quantitative study of diatoms in a lotic ecosystem, Iraq. Int. J. of Aquatic Sciences, 6(2): 76-92
Hassan, F. M., K. D. W. Al-Jibouri, and A. A. Hakman, 2017. Water quality assessment of Diyala river in Diyala province, Iraq. Mesopotamia Environmental Journal, 4(1). pp: 52-61
Hassan, F. M., J. N. A. Al-Zubaidi, and O. S. Youssef, 2018. Limnological study of Diyala river, Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 49(3). pp: 452-462. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v49i3.117
Hem, J. D. 1985. Study and interpretation of the chemical characteristics of natural water (Vol. 2254). Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey. pp:263
Kamboj V.; N. Kamboj, and S. Sharma. 2017. Environmental impact of river bed mining-a review. Int J Sci Res., 7(1): 504–520
Kassir, M. G., L. M. Dawood, and F. Fuad, 2015. Quality assurance for Iraqi bottled water specifications. Journal of Engineering, 21(10): 114-132
Krieg, N. R., and J. G. Holt, 1984. Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology, vol 1. Williams and Wilkins. Baltimore London. pp:721
Mustafa M. H., and M.H. Jankir. 2007. The qualitative variation of two sites on the Tigris River within the city of Mosul. J Mesopotamia, 1(18): 111-124
Mustafa, A., O. Sulaiman, and S. Shahooth, S. 2017. Application of QUAL2K for water quality modeling and management in the lower reach of the Diyala River. Iraqi J. Civ. Eng, 11, 66-80
Naubi, I., N. H. Zardari, S. M. Shirazi, N. F. B. Ibrahim, and L. Baloo, 2016. Effectiveness of water quality index for monitoring malaysian River water quality. polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25(1). pp:231-239
Pierzynski, G. M., R. W. McDowell, and J. Thomas Sims, 2005. Chemistry, cycling, and potential movement of inorganic phosphorus in soils. Phosphorus: Agriculture and the environment, 46, 51-86
Rivers Maintaining System and General Water from Pollution (RMS and GWP) No 25, 1967, No. 25 of 1967, Iraqi Official Gazette, No. 1446 on 16 July 1967, 2, pp:108
Salman, J. M., and A. A. SauadAl-Shammary, 2020. Monitoring lotic ecosystem by the application of water quality index (CCMEWQI). Baghdad Sciences Journal, 17(1). pp:23-27
Salman, J. M., F. M. Hassan, S. J. Hadi, and A. A. Motar, 2014. An ecological study of epiphytic algae on two aquatic macrophytes in lotic ecosystem. Asian Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 3(3): 37-52
Sincero, A. P., and G. A. Sincero, 2002. Physical-Chemical Treatment of Water and Wastewater. CRC press. pp:856
Wetzel R.G. 2001. Limnology: lake and River Ecosystems. Gulf Professional Publishing, pp:1006.
Yadav, N. S., A. Kumar, S. Mishra, and S. Singhal, 2018. Assessment of water quality using pollution-index in the study stretch of river Chambal, India. Integrated Research Advances, 5(1): 20-25.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
2.jpg)
