CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF NEW RECORDED SPECIES Acalypha australis L. AT IRAQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1745Keywords:
biochemicals compounds, new record, Euphorbiaceae, phenolis, flavonoids, trepenoidAbstract
This study was aimed to chemical analysis of new recorded species Acalypha australis L. Plant samples collected from cultivated gardens and fields as well as road sides. This plant is annual herbs or weed, with wiry stem and simple lanceolate green leaves, and unisexual flowers with special cordate bracts, male flower characterized by separated anther sacs, fruits schizocarpic with 2 or 3 mericarps, pollen grains are 3-4-zonocolporate with irregular granulated sculpturing. Extract revealed a variable gropes of an important bioactive compounds as benzuquinones and its derivatives 2,6-dimethoxy – 1,4- benzoquinones which has an important roles as antioxidants compounds, From anthraquinones group the plant has trihydroxyanthraquinones with various biological and environment effects, other antioxidant compounds found in plant as phenols group represented by brevifolin carboxylic acid, gallic acid and some of its derivatives as protocatechuic acid, flavonoids compounds as rutin and kaempferol, and terpenoid as loliolide compound. Chemical analysis elucidated another compounds as phytostroles (β-sitosterol and daucosterol), butanedioic acid, and niacin.
References
Aboaba, Sh. and O. Omotoso.2012. Chemical constituents, toxicity and larvicidal activity of the essential oil from the leaves of acalypha hispida and acalypha wilkesiana in south-west Nigeria, Elixir Appl. Chem. 52: 11263-11265
Aladejimokun, A.O.; K.M Daramola; O.Y. Osabiya and O.C. Arije.2017. Comparative study of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities of Acalypha wilkesiana and Acalypha godseffiana Extracts, Journal of Advances in Microbiology. 4(1): 1-7
Al-Dobaissi, I.A.; R.K.H. Al-Masoudi and L.K. Al-Azerg. 2020. Palynological study of genus Pterocephalous in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 51(2):565-573. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i2.983
Al-Dobaissi, I.A. and R.K.H. Al-Masoudi.2020. Study of fruits morphological features species for 33 belong to cruciferae family in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 52(4):1039-1049. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1415
Astudillo, A.: E. Hong; R. Bye and A. Navarrete.2004. Antispasmodic activity of extracts and compounds of Acalypha phleoides Cav. Phytotherapy Research. 18: 102-106
Chen AY. and Y.C. Chen .2013. A review of the dietary flavonoid, kaempferol on human health and cancer chemoprevention. Food Chem. 138(4):2099-2107
Das, P.R.; S. Akter; M.T. Islam; M.H. Kabir; M.M. Haque; Z. Khatun; M. Nurunnabi; Z. Khatun; Y.K. Lee; R. Jahan and M. Rahmatullah.2012. A selection of medicinal plants used for treatment of diarrhea by folk medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 6(3): 153-161
Dong, W-F.; Z.W. Lin and H.D. Sun.1994. A new compound from Acalypha australis. Acta Botanica Yunnanica.16(4): 413-146
Duman, H. and S. Terzioglu. 2009. Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) : a new genus record for Turkey. Phytol. Balcan. 15(2): 171-173
Evanjelene, V.K. and D. Natarajan.2013. Evaluation of antioxidant, phytochemical and antibacterial properties of Acalypha alnifolia Klein ex Willd. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 5(5): 205-212
Fawzy, G.A.; A.M. Al-Taweel; s. Perveen; S. Iqrar Khan and F.A. Al-Omary.2017. Bioactivity and chemical characterization of Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. growing in Saudi Arabia. Saudi pharmcutical journal. 25:104-109
Forster, P.I. 1994. Ataxonomic revision of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Australia. Austrobaileya. 4(2):209-226
Ganeshpurkar A and A.K. Saluja.2017. The pharmacological potential of rutin. Saudi Pharm J. 25(2):149
Grabarczyk, M.; K. Winsko; W. Moczka; B. Potaniec and M. Aniol. 2015. Loliolide - the most ubiquitous lactone. Folia Biologica et Oecologica. 11:1-8
Guessan, J.D.; A.P. Bidie; B.N. Lenta; B. Weniger; P. Andre and F. Guede-Guina. 2017. In vitro assays for bioactivity guided isolation of antisalmonella and antioxidant compounds in Thonningia sanguine flowers. Afr. J. Biotecnol. 6(14):1685-1689
Huaxing, Q. and M.G. Gilbert.2008. Acalypha . Fl. China. 11:251-255
Ikewuchi, J.C.; E.N. Onyeike; A.A. Uwakwe and C.C. Ikewuchi. 2011.Effect of aqueous extract of the leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana ‘godsefiana’ Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) on the hematology, plasma biochemistry and ocular indices of oxidative stress in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 137(3): 1415-1424
Iqbal, M.; R. Tqbal; M. Bilal; M. Akram; I.B. Baloch and M. Baloch. 2014. Antimicrobial activities of monoesters of succinic acid, Asian Journal of Chemistry. 26(23): 8025-8028
Izhaki, I. 2002. Emodin- a secondary metabolite with multiple ecological function in higher plants. New phytologist. 155(2): 205-217
Jaddoa, N.T.M. and L.A. Gharb. 2021. The antibiofilm activity of Hibiscus sabdriffa L. against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 52(3):626-631. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1352
Mehtiyeva N.P and D.V. Geltman, 2015. Acalypha australis (Euphorbiaceae), a new alien species in Azerbaijan. Botanicheskii Zhurnal. 100(4):403-406
Miao Y; Y. Wu; Y. Jin; M. Lei ; J. Nan and X. Wu. 2020. Benzoquinone derivatives with antioxidant activity inhibit activated hepatic stellate cells and attenuate liver fibrosis in TAA-induced mice. Chem Biol Interact. 317:108945
Nag, A.; M. Anoop; K. Sharma and K. Verma. 2018. Acalypha Indica L. an important medicinal plant with antimicrobial agents: a Review. IJRAR. 5(4): 304-309
Noumedem, J.A.K.; J.D.D. Tamokou; G.N. Teke; R.C.D. Momo; V. Kuete and J.R. Kuiate. 2013. Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and radical-scavenging properties of Acalypha manniana leaves. Springer Plus. 2: 503
Odeja, O.; C.E. Ogwuch; E.E. Elemike and G. Obi. 2016. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Acalypha ciliate plant, Clinical Phytoscience. 2: 12-18
Onocha, P.A.; G.K. Oloyede and Q.O. Afolabi. 2010. Phytochemical investigation, cytotoxicity and free radical scavenging activities of non-polar fractions of Acalypha hispida (leaves and twigs). Experimental and Clinical Sciences International Online Journal for Advances in Science. 10:1-8
Qiong, Z.X., 2010. Study on the Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Acalypha brachystachya and Daphne genkwa. Hebei University, China, M.Sc. http://www.research-degree-thesis.com/showinfo-42-393709-0.html
Radcliffe-Smith, A. 1980. In: Townsend, C.C. and Guest, E. Flora of Iraq, Vol. 2, Part 1. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. Republic of Iraq. Pp. 309
Rajavel, T.; M. Kumar; G. Archonan and P. Devikasi. 2017. Beta sitosterol and Daucosterol (phytosterols identified in Grewia tiliaefolia) perturbs cell cycle and induces apoptotic cell death in A549 cells. Scientific Report. 7(1): 1-15
Saedddnia, S.; A. Manayi; A.R. Gohari and M. Abdollahi. 2014. The story of beta-sitosterol- a review. European Journal of Medicinal Plants. 4(5): 590-609
Saefudin, A.; G. Basri and A. Sukito. 2018. Antioxidant activity and toxicity effect of eleven types of bark extracts acquired from Euphorbiaceae, Indonesia Journal of Forestry Research. 5(2):133-146
Sagun, V.G.; G. A. Levin and Rw.G.M Van der Ham. 2006. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae). Review of Paleobotany and Palynology. 140(1-2): 123-143
Sagun, V.G.; G.A. Levin and P.C. Welzen. 2010. Revision and phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia. Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants. 55: 21-60
Saul, w.; H.E. Roy; O. Booy; L. Carnevali; H. Chen; P. Genovesi; C.A. Harrower; P.E. Hulme; S. Pogad; J. Pergl and J.M. Jeschke. 2017.Data from: Assessing patterns in introduction pathways of alien species by linking major invasion databases, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m93f6
Seebaluck, R.; A. Gurib-Fakim and F. Mahomoodally. 2015. Medicinal plants from the genus Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) – A review of their ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry, J. Ethnopharmacol. 159: 137–157
Sinthupoom, N.; V. Prachayasittikul; S. Prachayasittikul; S. Ruchirawat and Vi. Prachayasittikul. 2015. Nicotinic acid and derivatives as multifunctional pharmacophores for medical applications. Eur Food Res Technol. 240:1–17
Sun M; H. Sakakibara; H. Ashida; G. Danno and K. Kanazawa. 2000. Cytochrom P4501A1inhibitory action of antimutagenic anthraquinones in medical plants and the structure activity relationship. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 64: 1373–1378
Sundaram, M.; R. Deepthi; D. Sundarsanam; R. Sivasubramanian and P. Brindha. 2009. Chemotaxonomic studies on Tragia involucrata Linn. AJOL 3(5):927-933
Van den Gorkom BAP; E.G.E De Vries; A. Karrenbeld and J.H. Kleibeuker. 1999. Review article: anthranoid laxatives and their potential carcinogenic effects. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 13: 443–452
Wang, X.L.; K.B. Yu and S.A. Peng. 2008. Chemical constituents of aerial part of Acalypha australis. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi, 38(22):3988-3990
Yen GC; P.D. Duh and D.Y. Chuang. 2000. Antioxidant activity of anthraquinones and anthrone. Food Chemistry 70: 437–441
Yutao Z; L. Dingguo; W. Hongshan; W, Zhirong; H. Xin; X. Qinfang and L. Hanming. 2000. Emodin on hepatic fibrosis in rats. Chinese Medical Journal English Edition 113: 599–601
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
2.jpg)
