STUDY THE EXPRESSION OF IL-22 GENE IN AUTOIMMUNE HYPOTHYROIDISM IN IRAQ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i3.1740Keywords:
Gene expression, interleukin 22, thyroid gland, qRT-PCR.Abstract
This study was aimed to assess expression of IL-22 gene in patients with newly diagnosed autoantibodies against the thyroid antigens; anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG), and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) in comparison with patients previously diagnosed and treated for autoimmune hypothyroidism as well as healthy control individuals. Twenty-eight patients with positive anti-TG and/or anti-TPO were enrolled in this study along with twelve age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess gene expression and fold change among the study groups. Results revealed anti-TG concentration ranges of 134.3 to 2998.9 IU/mL and anti-TPO concentration ranges of 41.6 to 1018.4 IU/mL in patients while control group individuals were negative for these autoantibodies. The mean fold change of IL-22 expression (2-∆∆Ct) was the highest in newly diagnosed patients compared to patients on treatment for autoimmune hypothyroidism and healthy controls indicating the potential role of IL-22 in the early stages of the disease and its contribution in immune imbalance.
References
Aljoubory, H.M. and M.F. Altaee. 2021. Correlation study between three different genes expression and chronic myeloid leukemia in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(3): 611-619. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1350
Al-Sa'ady, A.J.R. and M.H. Hilal. 2020. The effect of vitamin d in kidney function and thyroid gland. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 51(3): 924-929. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i3.1047
Bai, X., J. Sun, W.Wang, Z. Shan, H. Zheng, Y. Li, and W. Teng. 2014. Increased differentiation of Th22 cells in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Endocrine Journal, EJ14-0265.
Ciccia, F., G. Guggino, A. Giardina, A. Ferrante, F. Carrubbi, R. Giacomelli and G. Triolo. 2014. The role of innate and lymphoid IL-22-producing cells in the immunopathology of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 10(4): 533-541.
Degertekin, C.K., B.A. Yilmaz, F.B. Toruner, A. Kalkanci, O.T. Iyidir, I. Fidan, E. Yesilyurt, N. Cakır, S. Kustimur and M. Arslan. 2016. Circulating Th17 cytokine levels are altered in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Cytokine, (80): 13-17.
Elsahookie, M.M., S.H. Cheyed, and A.A. Dawood. 2021. An overview on mechanism of gene expression regulation. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 52(2): 454-460. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1307
Figueroa-Vega, N., M. Alfonso-Perez, I. Benedicto, F. Sanchez-Madrid, R. Gonzalez-Amaro and M. Marazuela. 2010. Increased circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th17 lymphocytes in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(2): 953-962.
Flegal, K. M., B. I. Graubard, D. F. Williamson and M. H. Gail. 2005. Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity. Jama, 293(15): 1861-1867.
Fu, J., L. Bian, L. Zhao, Z. Dong, X. Gao, H. Luan, ... and H. Song. 2010. Identification of genes for normalization of quantitative real-time PCR data in ovarian tissues. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, 42(8): 568-574.
Ikeuchi, H., T. Kuroiwa, N. Hiramatsu, Y. Kaneko, K. Hiromura, K. Ueki and Y. Nojima. 2005. Expression of interleukin‐22 in rheumatoid arthritis: potential role as a proinflammatory cytokine. Arthritis and Rheumatism, 52(4): 1037-1046.
Jiang, Q., G. Yang, F. Xiao, J. Xie, S. Wang, L. Lu, and D. Cui. 2021. Role of Th22 Cells in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases. Frontiers in Immunology, (12): 2703.
Lee, H.J., C.W. Li, S.S. Hammerstad, M. Stefan and Y. Tomer. 2015. Immunogenetics of autoimmune thyroid diseases: a comprehensive review. Journal of Autoimmunity, 64: 82-90.
Li, Q., B. Wang, K. Mu and J.A. Zhang. 2019. The pathogenesis of thyroid autoimmune diseases: New T lymphocytes–Cytokines circuits beyond the Th1− Th2 paradigm. Journal of Cellular Physiology, 234(3): 2204-2216.
Livak, K.J., and T.D .,Schmittgen,. 2008. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative CT method. Nature Protocols. (3): 1101- 1108
Luty, J., K. Ruckemann-Dziurdzińska, J.M. Witkowski and E. Bryl. 2019. Immunological aspects of autoimmune thyroid disease–Complex interplay between cells and cytokines. Cytokine, 116: 128-133.
Rio, D.C., M. Ares, G.J. Hannon and T.W. Nilsen. 2010. Purification of RNA using TRIzol (TRI reagent). Cold Spring Harbor Protocols, 2010(6): pdb-prot5439.
Ruggeri, R.M., P. Minciullo, S. Saitta, S. Giovinazzo, R. Certo, A. Campennì, F. Trimarchi, S. Gangemi and S. Benvenga. 2014. Serum interleukin-22 (IL-22) is increased in the early stage of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis compared to non-autoimmune thyroid disease and healthy controls. Hormones, 13(3): 338-344.
Song, R.H., Q. Li, W. Wang, Q.M. Yao, X.Q. Shao, and J.A. Zhang. 2017. Variants of interleukin-22 gene confer predisposition to autoimmune thyroid disease. International journal of endocrinology, 2017.
Song, R.H., Z.Y. Yu, Q. Qin, X. Wang, F.S. Muhali, L.F. Shi, W.J. Jiang, L. Xiao, D.F. Li, and J.A. Zhang. 2014. Different levels of circulating Th22 cell and its related molecules in Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, 7(7): 4024.
Sultana, Q., A. Anjum, N. Fathima, M. Siraj and M. Ishaq. 2016. Seropositivity to anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies in hypo and hyper-thyroidism: Diagnostic and epidemiological significance. IJMR, 3(4): 368-72.
Taubner, K., G. Schubert, F. Pulzer, R. Pfaeffle, A. Körner, A. Dietz, J. Thiery, W. Kiess. and J. Kratzsch. 2014. Serum concentrations of anti-thyroid peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in children and adolescents without apparent thyroid disorders. Clinical Biochemistry, 47(1-2): 3-7.
Taylor, S., M. Wakem, G. Dijkman, M. Alsarraj and M. Nguyen. 2010. A practical approach to RT-qPCR—publishing data that conform to the MIQE guidelines. Methods, 50(4): S1-S5.
Walczak, K. and L. Sieminska. 2021. Obesity and Thyroid Axis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18): 9434.
Zhong, W., L. Zhao, T. Liu, and Z. Jiang. 2017. IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells in the treatment response of rheumatoid arthritis to combination therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide. Scientific Reports, 7(1): 1-11.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
