ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF AFLATOXIN B1 PRODUCING FUNGI FROM STORED WHEAT IN SOME SILOS OF BAGHDAD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i6.1659Keywords:
Aspergillus flavus , HPLC, Al Taji , Khan Bani Saad , Khan DhariAbstract
The aim of this study was isolation and identification of fungi producing aflatoxin B1 from wheat which was stored for four months in some silos in Baghdad , including Al Taji Silo, Khan Bani Saad Silo and Khan Dhari Silo. Those Silos were included in the agricultural plan for the marketing season 2020. Different types of fungi were obtained. They were initially identified according to cultural and morphological characteristics as Alternaria spp, Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger. The ability of fungal isolates to produced aflatoxin was tested using ammonia vapor. All of the Aspergillus flavus isolates showed their ability to produce aflatoxin, unlike the other types which showed negative result. Aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus was estimated using (HPLC) technique, and results showed that the highest concentration (978.5 µg / ml) was obtained from an isolate in Al-Taji Silo. This isolate was genetically identified by genetic analysis of 5.8S rRNA gene. Gene sequencing identity of local isolate was 99% in compassion to sequencing of Aspergillus flavus strain USMG09 recorded in the gene bank as ID: MK992254.1 .
References
Abdul Karim, N. F. 2011. The Purification and Characterization of An Enzyme Glutaminase Product of Local Isolation Aspergillus niger. M.Sc. Theses. College of Agriculture. University of Basra. pp:68
Ahmad, A. and Y. Jae-Hyuk. 2017. Occurrence, toxicity, and analysis of major mycotoxins in food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14:632
AL Baldawi, A.T. and A.S. AL Hani . Econometrics analysis for supply response of wheat crop using autoregressive distributed LAG models( ARDL) for the period (1970-2014). Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science
, Volume 48, Issue 6-B, Pages 1739-1749
Al-Dwahery, N. H. K. 2011. Production, Purification and Characterization of Inulinase from Local Fungal Isolate of Aspergillus niger.Ph.D. Dissertation College of Agriculture. University of Basra.pp:85
Al-Othman, M. R. ; A. R. M. Abd El-Aziz ; M. A. Mahmoud ; S. A. Fifan ; and M. Majrashi. 2014. Application of silver nanoparticles as antifungal and antiaflatoxin B1 produced by Asper¬gillus flavus. Dig. J. Nanomater Bios 9: 151–157
Al-Shuhaib, M. B. S.; A. H. Albakri ; H. O. Hashim ; S. L. Alwan ; N. B. Almandil and P .Selvaraj.2020. High Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus flavus Infecting Stored Rice. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science.; 22 (3) :737-745
Aneja, K. R. 2002 Experiments in Micobiology, Plant Pathology, Tissue Culture and Mushroom Production Technology.3rd ed. New Age Internation(p)Limited, Publishers, NewDelhi pp:112-145
Cappelli, A. ; N. Oliva and E. Cini. 2020. Stone milling versus roller milling: a systematic review of the effects on wheat flour quality, dough rheology, and bread characteristics. Trends Food Sci. Tech., 97: 147-155
Chattha, S. H. , C. M. Hasfalina ; B. N. Mirani ; M. R. Mahadi and T. S. Lee. 2016. Food grain losses associated with indigenous storage methods and development of storage facilities for food security. Int. Food Res. J., 23: 57-63
Diba, K. and G. Buzsáki. 2007. Forward and reverse hippocampal place-cell sequences during ripples. Nature neuroscience, 10(10), 1241
Fierer, N. ; J. A. Jackson ; R. Vilgalys and R. B. Jackson. 2005. Assessment of soil microbial community structure by use of taxon-specific quantitative PCR assays. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71(7), 4117-4120.
Fleurat-Lessard, F. 2017. Integrated management of the risks of stored grain spoilage by seedborne fungi and contamination by storage mould mycotoxins–an update. J. Stored Prod. Res., 71: 22-40
Gugnani, H. C. 2003. Ecology and taxonomy of pathogenic aspergilli. Front Biosci, 8(1-3), 346.
Hassan, Z.U ; R.F. AL-Thani ; O. Migheli and S. Jaoua. 2018. Detection of toxigenic mycobiota and mycotoxins in cereal feed market. Food Control 84,389-394
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). 2012. Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: chemical agents and related occupations. A review of human carcinogens. Lyon, France, 100F: 224–248
Jedidi, I.,A. Cruz; M.T. González-Jaén, and S. Said. 2017. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A and their Aspergillus causal species in Tunisian cereals. Food Addit. Contam. Part B Surveill. 10 (1), 51–58
Johansson, E. ; G. Branlard ; M. Cuniberti; Z. Flagella ; A. Husken ; E. Nurit ; R.J. Peña ; M. Sissons and D. Vazquez.2020. Genotypicand Environmental Effects on Wheat Technological and Nutritional Quality. In: Wheat Quality For Improving Processing and Human Health. Springer, Cham. pp. 171-204
Kadhem, M. 2017. Screening drought tolerance in bread wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) using drought indices and multivariate analysis. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Science., 48(Special
Koehler, P. and H. Wieser. 2013. Chemistry of Cereal Grains. In Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology pp : 11-45. Springer U.S
Kollu, N. R. ; S. Girisham and S. M. Reddy. 2009. Incidence of toxigenic Fusaria in feeds of Godavari belt area of Andhra Pradesh, India. Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 3: 119-122
Kumar, S.; M. Shekhar ; K.A. Ali and P. Sharma. 2007. A rapid technique for detection of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus from maize grain. Ind. Phytopathol. 60(1): 31-34
Lina, L. ; J. Hongyu ; S. Lei ; M. Shuangcheng and L. Ruichao. 2011. Determination of aflatoxins in medicinal herbs by high- performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Phytochemical Analysis 23, 469–476
Marin, S. ; A. J. J Ramos and G . Cano-Sancho. 2013.Mycotoxins: Occurrence, toxicology, and exposure assessment. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 60:218-237
Mathew, S. h. ; G. Thomas and T. Ahmad. 2010. An evaluation on the impact of fungi on the post harvested stored wheat grains. International Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry. 6: 995-1002
Mathew, S. h. 2010. An evaluation on grain quality under post-harvest storage in selected Indian wheat varieties. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 1(11):174-177
Rémésy, C. ; F. Leenhardt and A. Fardet. 2015. Cahi. Nutri. Diét. 50(1) 39-46
Riba, A. ; S. Mokrane ; F. Mathieu ; A. Lebrihi, and N. Sabaou. 2008. Mycoflora and ochratoxin A producing strains of Aspergillus in Algerian wheat. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 122:85-92
Sadhasivam, S. ; M . Britzi ; V . Zakin ; M . Kostyukovsky ; A . Trostanetsky ; E . Quinn and E . Sionov. 2017. Rapid detection and identification of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in stored wheat grain. Toxins, 9: 302-319
Sambrook, J. and R. M. Green. 2012. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Fourth Edition. CSHL Press.pp:213-233
Sardiñas, N. ; J. Gil-Serna ; L. Santos ; A.J. Ramos ; M.T. González-Jaén ; B. Patiño and C. Vázquez. 2011. Detection of potentially mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species in Capsicum powder by a highly sensitive PCR- based detection method. Food Control 22 (8), 1363–1366
Scauflaire, J. ; M. Godet ; M. Gourgue ; C. Liénard and F. Munaut. 2012. A multiplex real-time PCR method using hybridization probes for the detection and the quantifcation of Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium temperatum and Fusarium verticillioides. Fungal Biology, 116, 1073-1080
Shiferaw, B. ; M. Smale ; H. J. Braun ; E. Duveiller ; M. Reynolds and G. Muricho. 2013. Crops that feed the world 10. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by wheat in global food security. Food Secur. 5, 291–317
Silveira, S. T. ; M. S. Oliveira ; J. A. V. Costa and S. J. Kalil. 2006. Optimization of glucoamylase production by Aspergillus niger in Solid state fermentation . Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 128:131-139
Solanki, M. K. ; A. Abdel Fattah ; M. Britzi ; V. Zakin ; M. Wisniewski ; S. Droby and E. Sionov. 2019. Shifts in the composition of the microbiota of stored wheat grains in response to Fumigation. Journal of Frontiers in Microbiology,10:1098
Thanushree, M.P. ; D. Sailendri ; K.S. Yoha; J. A. Moses and C. Anandharamakrishnan. 2019. Mycotoxin contamination in food: An exposition on spices. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2019, 93, 69–80
Ulziijargal E, Y. P. Gorgo; I. O. Skorochod. 2019. Detection of seedborne mycoflora in wheat. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. Technol., 4: 532-536
Yazdani, D. ; A. M. Zainal ; Y. H. Tan and S. Kamaruzaman. 2010. Evaluation of the detection techniques of toxigenic Aspergillus isolates. African Journal of Biotechnology. 9(45): 7654-7659.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
2.jpg)
