EFFECT OF REDUCING SUNFLOWER CAKE AND SEEDS DEGRADABILITY ON PUBERTY AND TESTICULAR MEASUREMENTS Of AWASSI LAMBS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i4.1589Keywords:
protected protein, protected fat, puberty, testicular measurements.Abstract
This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of lowering sunflower cake degradability or seeds on puberty, testicular and blood measurements of Awassi lambs. Thirty Awassi lambs with an average body weight of 25.93 ± 0.42 kg and 3- 4 months old. Lambs were divided into three groups (10 lambs in each group) the first group was fed a diet contained 11% of sunflower cake (T1), the second group was fed a diet contained 11% of low degradable sunflower cake (T2), while the third group fed a diet that contained 11% of low degradable sunflower seeds (T3). The results indicated that reduce sunflower seeds degradability in (T3) led to a significant increase (p≤ 0.05) in the length of right and left testes (8.35 and 8.30 cm) respectively as compared to the T1 (7.84 and 7.77 cm) respectively and T2 (7.88 and 7.63 cm) respectively, scrotum volume increased significantly (p≤ 0.05) in the T3 165.72 cm3 as compared to the T2 151.86 cm3, Testosterone hormone concentration increased significantly (p≤ 0.01) in T3 2.81 ng/ml as compared to the T1 and T2 ( 1.455 and 1.75 ng/ml) respectively . Also, feeding lambs with low degradable sunflower cake (T2) and seeds (T3) enhance significantly (p≤ 0.05) seminiferous tubule diameter, germinal epithelium height, and Sertoli cells count as compared to lambs that fed sunflower cake (T1). The results indicate that reducing degradability of protein and fat sources rich in unsaturated fatty acids in the diets of lambs before puberty had a positive role in testicular development and testosterone hormone secretion at puberty.
References
Ahmad, M. H., L. T. Chen, M. S. Maidin, and A. A. Samsudin. 2018. Effect of different rumen-protected fat from palm oil on testosterone level and testicular traits in Malin rams. Mal. J. Anim. Sci. 21(2): 27-38.
Al-Khawaja, A. K, E. Abdullah and S. Abdul-ahad. 1978. The chemical composition and nutritional value of Iraqi feed materials. A bulletin issued by the Nutrition Department of the General Livestock Directorate. Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform. The Republic of Iraq.
AOAC, 2000 Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Va, USA, 17th edition.
Behery, H. R, E. I. Khalifa, and A. A. Mahrous. 2014. Influence of feeding non- conventional energy sources on pubertal phases, blood metabolites and fattening of zaraibi male kids. J. Anim. And poultry prod. Mansoura. Univ. 5 (3): 127-141.
Blache, D., S. Zhang, and G. B. Martin, 2006. Dynamic and integrative aspects of the regulation of reproduction by metabolic status in male sheep. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 46(4), 379-390.
Bollwein, H., F. Janett, and M. Kaske, 2017. Effects of nutrition on sexual development of bulls. Animal Reproduction (AR), 14(3), 607-613.
Boulanouar, B. M. Ahmed, T. Klopfenstine, D. Brink, and J. Kinder. 1995. Dietary protein or energy restrictions influences age and weight at puberty in ewe lambs. Animal Reproduction Science. 40 :229-238 93.
Dantas, A., E. R. Siqueira, S. Fernandes, E. Oba, A. M. Castilho, P. R. L. Meirelles, and P. T. R. Santos. 2016. Influence of feeding differentiation on the age at onset of puberty in Brazilian Bergamasca dairy ewe lambs. Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinaria E Zootecnia, 68(1), 22-28.
Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple ranges and Multiple F. test. Biometrics. 11:1.
El- Zelaky, O.A, E. I. Khalifa, A. H. Mohamed, B. K. Mohamed and A. M. Hussein. 2011. Productive and reproductive performance of Rahmani male lambs fed rations containing Jatropha cake. Egyptian J. of Sheep and Goats Sciences, 6(2), 1-10.
El-Badawy, M., H. Youssef, Y. Hafez, H. El-Sanafawy, and M. El-Maghraby. 2018. Effect of rocket oil addition on productive and reproductive performance of growing ram lambs under hot climate condition. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production, 9(1), 9-15.
El-Madawy, A, M. El-Sharawy, M. Ali, Y. Hafez, N. Yamauchi, and E. S. Metwally. 2019. Effect of unsaturated fatty acids supplementation on productive and reproductive performance of ram lambs. kyushu University Institutional Repository, 64(2), 247-255.
Elmaz O., U. Cirit, O. Keser, K. Gurbulak, K. Guvenc and C. Kutay. 2007. Effect of two dietary protein levels on testosterone, testicular parameters and semen quality in ram lambs during pubertal development. Medycna Vet. 63(10): 1177-1180.
Esmaeili, V., A. H. Shahverdi, A. R. Alizadeh, H. Alipour, and M. Chehrazi. 2014. Saturated, omega-6 and omega-3 dietary fatty acid effects on the characteristics of fresh, frozen-thawed semen and blood parameters in rams. Andrologia 46:42-49.
Goijam, Y., S. Gizaw, S. Abegaz, and C. J. Thwaites. 1995. Reltionship between body weight and scrotal characteristics and between environment effects and fertility in ethiopian Horro rams. J. Agric. Sci. Cambridge. 124:297-299.
Hungate, E. Ropert .1966. The rumen and its microbes. Academic press. New York and London.
Kassem, M. M. 1986. Feed intake and Milk Production in Dairy Cow With Special reference to diets containing grass and Lucerne silage with barley supplement. Ph.D. Thesis. Hanna Research Institute. Ayr. Scotland.
Kaur, H., and S. P. Arora. 1995. Dietary effects on ruminant livestock reproduction with particular reference to protein. Nutri. research reviews, 8(1),121-136.
Khalifa E.I., M.E. Ahmed, Y.H. Hafez, O.A. El-Zolaky, K.M. Bahera, and A.A. Abido. 2013. Age at puberty and fertility of Rahmani sheep fed on biological culated corn silage. Annals Agric. Sci. 58 (2): 163–172.
Luna, L. G., 1968. Manual of histological staining methods of the armed forces institute of pathology. Mcgraw Hill Book Company, New York, pp. 38-39.
Moghaddam, A., M. Panah, and M. Souri. 2019. Improved early postnatal nutrition and its effect on histomorphological parameters in the testes of Sanjabi ram lambs. Tropical animal health and production, 51(6), 1539-1544.
National Research Council, (2001). Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th rev. ed. Natl. Acad. Sci., Washington, DC.
National Research Council, Committee on the Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Board on Agriculture, Division on Earth, and Life Studies. 2007. Nutrient requirements of small ruminants: sheep, goats, cervids, and new world camelids.
24. Nudda, A., G. Battacone, A. S. Atzori, C. Dimauro, S. P. G. Rassu, P. Nicolussi, and G. Pulina, 2013. Effect of extruded linseed supplementation on blood metabolic profile and milk performance of Saanen goats. Animal, 7(9), 1464-1471.
Paengkoum, P., J. B. Liang, Z. A. Jelan, and M. Basery. 2004. Effects of ruminally undegradable protein levels on nitrogen and phosphorus balance and their excretion in Saanen goats fed oil palm fronds. Songklanakarin J. Sci. Tehnol, 26,15-22.
Polkowska, J. 1989. Effect of protein deficiency on some hypothalamic and pituitary hormones in growing male lambs. An immunohistochemical study. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 29(3), 347-356.
Saeed, F. F., and N. W. Zaid. 2019. Serum and testicular testosterone levels of ram lamb during puberty. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 7(2), 92-95.
SAS. 2005. Statistical Analysis System. User's Guide for Personal Computer Release 8.2, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, Nc, USA.
Scaramuzzi, R. J., B. K. Campbell, J. A. Downing, N. R. Kendall, M. Khalid, M. Muñoz-Gutiérrez, and A. Somchit. 2006. A review of the effects of supplementary nutrition in the ewe on the concentrations of reproductive and metabolic hormones and the mechanisms that regulate folliculogenesis and ovulation rate. Reproduction Nutrition Development, 46(4), 339-354.
Schoeman, S. J., H. C. Els and G. C. Combrink 1987. A preliminary investigation into the use of testis size in crossbred ram as a selection index for ovulation rate in female relatives. S. Afri. J. Anim. Sci. 17:144-147.
Tjondronegoro, S., G. B. Martin, S. R. Sutherland, and R. Boukhliq. 1996. Interactions between nutrition, testosterone and inhibin in the control of gonadotrophin secretion in mature rams. Repro. Ferti. 8(5), 855-862.
Tegegne, A., K. W. Entwistle, and E. Mukasawa-Mugerwa, 1992. Nutritional influences on growth and onset of puberty in Boran and Boran x Friesian bulls in Ethiopia. Theriogenology 37, 1005-1016.
Toe, F. J., E. O. Rege, E. Mukasa-Mugerwa, S. Tembely, D. Anindo, R. L. Baker and A. Lahlou-Kassi. 2000. Reproductive characteristics of Ethiopian highland sheep 1. Genetic parameters of testicular measurements. I ram lambs and relationship with age at puberty in ewe lambs. Small Rumin. Res. 36:227-240.
Tran, L. V., B. A. Malla, A. N. Sharma, S. Kumar, N. Tyagi, and A. K. Tyagi. 2016. Effect of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched diet on plasma IGF-1 and testosterone concentration, puberty and semen quality in male buffalo. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 173: 63–72.
Umar, M., B. Kurnadi, E. Rianto, E. Pangestu, and A. Purnomoadi. 2015. The effect of energy level of feeding on daily gain, blood glucose and urea on Madura cattle. J. of the Indonesian Trop. Anim. Agric, 40(3), 159-166.
Waddad, S. A. and E. S. E. Gaili, (1985). Effect of nutrition on sexual development of Western Sudan Baggara bull calves. Acta Veteri. Beograd 35, 299-304.
Xu, Y., Z. Li, L. E. Moraes, J. Shen, Z. Yu, and W. Zhu, 2019. Effects of incremental urea supplementation on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and growth performance in fattening lambs. Animals, 9(9), 652.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
