TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE PERFORMANCE AND FEASIBILITY OF ARMATRAC TRACTOR TO PERFORM PRIMARY TILLAGE AND PLANTING OPERATION IN SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ea480m26Keywords:
machinery management, economic analysis, machinery costs, estimating farm power, total costs.Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the influence of performing primary tillage by moldboard plow and planting operation by four rows Gaspardo planter on some performance and economic indicators of Armatrac tractor 854e 84 hp (62kw). The system calculates and measures slippage percentage, draft force, energy requirements, and total costs for planting and tillage operation at three practical velocities and two depths. Planting operation performed at 5 and 7 cm depth under 2.90, 4.27, and 5.28 km.h-1. while ploughing operation performed at 15 and 20 cm tillage depth under 3.89, 5.28, and 6.67 km.h-1. Two factorial experiments were carried out using randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The results of analysis of variance showed that increases of practical velocity results in increase of slippage percentage and draft force but results in decrease of energy requirements and total costs. Furthermore, this study revealed that increases the depth of operation results in increase of slippage percentage, draft force, energy requirements, and total costs.
References
Abd El-Hameid, R., A. Zein Eldin, & S. Abouzaid, 2021. A mathematical model to predict wearing and energy requirements of some treated tillage tools. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 49(3): 216-225. http://doi:10.33899/magrj.2021.162455
Abdullah, A. and A. I. Abed, 2018. Effect of moldboard plow shares and landsides (locally made) in some indecators mechanical performance, Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 46(4): 293-304. http://doi:10.33899/magrj.2018.161552
Al rijabo, S. and T. Y. AL.Sheekh Ali 2018. Effect of added weights for agricultural tractor under tow levels of moisture in some mechanical properties using the moldboard plow, Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 46(4), : 281-291. http://doi:10.33899/magrj.2018.16155
Al-Aani, F. 2020. CAN Bus Technology for Agricultural Machine Management Research and Undergraduate Education. Graduate Theses and Dissertation. Iowa State University.
Al-Aani, F. S., M. J. Darr, B. S Covington, and L. J. Powell 2016. The performance of farm tractors as reported by CAN-bus messages. ASABE Annual International Meeting (1-18).ASABE. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.20162461746
Al-Aani, F. S., M. J. Darr, L. J. Powell, and B. R. Covington, 2018. Design and validation of an electronic data logging systems (CAN Bus) for monitoring machinery performance and management-planting application. ASABE Annual International Meeting (2-22). ASABE. http://doi.org/10.13031/aim.201800964
Al-Aani, F. S. and O. H. Sadoon, 2023. Modern GPS diagnostic technique to determine and map soil hardpan for enhancing agricultural operation management. Journal of Aridland Agriculture, v.9, :58-62. doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2023.v9.8511
Al-Azzawi, Ghofran Sinan; Firas Salim Al-Aani; and M. A. Dawood.2022. The effect of practical velocity and added weights on the efficiency performance of horticultural tractor (new holland t1520). Iraqi Journal of Soil Science 22(1),116-123. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/245969
Al-Bayati, Ali Hussain and Basem Ahmed Zedan . 2017. The effect of background tiresg pressure and speed of mf285 Massey Fergusson tractor on some performance parameters of 112-moldboard plow Anbar Journal for Agri. Since ISSN: 1992-7479, Vol. 15, 404–412. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/a20c28fdb65be6f5
Algirdas Janulevičius and Vidas Damanauskas. 2023. Validation of relationships between tractor performance indicators, engine control unit data and field dimensions during tillage, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 191. https://doi:org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2023.110201
Ali, E.H., D. A. Abu Duaila and M. KH. Mohamme.2023. A study of economic, social, and institutional factors affecting the adoption of the high-rank wheat seeds. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(1): 161-175. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i1.1688
Al-Issa, D. and B. H. Al-Badri. 2022. Economic analysis to estimate the imported inflation in the agricultural sector in Iraq for the period 1990-2019. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 53(5): 1241-1248 https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i5.1638
ALJanabi,L. K.; N. S. Habib and M. K. Farhan .2023. A comparative study between the presence or absence of support for farmers of the corn crop in iraq for the year 2019, Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(2), : 609–618. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i2.1737
Almaliki, S. A., M. S. Himoud, and S. J. Muhsin 2021. Mathematical model for mvaluating slippage of tractor under various field conditions. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 34, (1),: 49-59. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.1.05
Al-Sammarraie, M. A. J.; F.Al-Aani, and S. A. Al-Mashhadany, 2023. Determine, predict and map soil ph level by fiber optic sensor. in iop conference series: Earth and Environmental Science, v.1225, p.012104. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1225/1/012104
AlShabar, S. H., A. Timm, and L. Khalaf 2021, November. Population variation of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) in Baghdad province, central Iraq. In 2021 Third International Sustainability and Resilience Conference: Climate Change: 138-141. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEECONF53624.2021.9668098
Al-shamiry, F. M. S., A. M. Al-qarni, and A. S. Munassar, 2020. Effect of tillage depth and tractor forward speed on some technical indicators of the moldboard plow. International Journals of Sciences and High Technologies, ISSN: 2509-0119, Special Issue October 2020, pp. 28-37.
Alwash,A.A. and F.S. Al-Aani, 2023. Performance evaluation of seed drill- fertilizer under two different farming systems and tractor practical speeds. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 54(4): 1155–1162. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i4.1809
Aqeel J. Nassir 2018. Effect of moldboard plow types on soil physical properties under different soil moisture content and tractor speed. Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 31(1): 48-58.
https://doi.org/10.21276/basjas.
Awf A. A., E. H. Ali, and A. S. Shukr. 2024. Estimating off –farm labor supply and analysing relationship between risk and farm size. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 55(1): 526-541. https://doi.org/10.36103/afwgrz97
Balsari, P., A. Biglia, L. Comba, D. Sacco, L. Alcatrao, E. Varani, M. Mattetti, M., P. Barge, , C. Tortia, and M. Manzone, 2021. Performance analysis of a tractor-power harrow system under different working conditions. Biosystems Engineering, 202: 28-41. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.11.009.
Dahham, G. A. 2018. 'Field study in some energy properties of using disc plow', Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 46(4): 257-268. http://doi:10.33899/magrj.2018.161549
Dahham, G. A. 2018. 'Study effect of some field factors in determining the performance agricultural tractor', Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 46(4): 269-280. http://doi:10.33899/magrj.2018.161550
Dumra, N., K. Rolania, L.K. Khalaf, S.S. Yadav, S. Mandhania, Y.K. Sharma, U. Kumar, A.M. Ahmed, S.M. Popescu, and A. Choudhary 2024. Comparative evaluation of sublethal doses of different insecticides on the ovipositional behavior of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in Brinjal. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 36(2), 103070. doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2023.103070
Hamid, A. A. A., and A. R. Alsabbagh, 2023.. Effect of moldboard types, two depths of tillage and two speeds of tractor in some physical properties and pulverization of soil. Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences, 15(1), 105-116. https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2023/v15i1.10334
Haryono, D., A. Hudoyo, and I. Mayasari, 2021.The sustainable agricultural mechanization of rice farming and its impact on land productivity and profit in Lampung Tengah Regency. IOP Publishing, 012056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/739/1/012056.
Hirich, A., S. Rafik, M. Rahmani, A. Fetouab, F. Azaykou, K. Filali, H. Ahmadzai, Y. Jnaoui, , A. Soulaimani, and M. Moussafir, 2021. Development of quinoa value chain to improve food and nutritional security in rural communities in Rehamna, Morocco: lessons learned and perspectives. Plants, 10, 301. http://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020301
Jyoti, Bikram K.V.S Ram Reddy, Chetankumar P. Sawant, A.P. Pandirwar, R.R. Potdar and R.D. Randhe, 2019. Predicting draft requirement of tillage implements using pull type load cell in southern region of Andhra Pradesh, India.Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 8(1): 606-612. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.801.068
Khalaf, L.K., Y. Zhang, and M. Adhab 2023. Grapevine vein-clearing virus is mealybug-borne but not mealybug-transmitted. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 54(5) :1469-1477. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v54i5.1846
Mohammadi, M., Karparvarfard, S. H., Kamgar, S. & Rahmatian, M. 2020. Optimization and evaluation of working conditions of new tillage blade for use in tillage tools. Journal of Agricultural Machinery, 10, 273-287.
https://doi.org/10.22067/jam.v10i2.73914
Mohammed, M. A. A., A.-M. Al-Rawi, and T. J. M. Dlem, 2020. The effect of forwarding speed and sowing depth on the stability of the chisel furrow openers for the maize planter (özduman) and its effect on field performance indicators.Plant Archives,20,6219-6227.
Moitzi, Gerhard; Reinhard Neugschwandtne; Reinhard Neugschwandtner; Hans-Peter Kaul; Hans-Peter Kaul Helmut Wagentrist; lHelmut Wagentristl. 2019. Energy efficiency of winter wheat in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions. European Journal of Agronomy 103(4):24-31. http://10.1016/j.eja.2018.11.002
Muhsin, Sadiq J. 2017. Performance study of moldboard plow with two types of disc harrows and their effect on some soil properties under different operating conditions. E-ISSN: 2520-0860 Basrah J. Agric. Sci., 30(2): 1-15, 1814 – 5868. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2017.37
Naif, Hussein Razzaq .2016. Study of the mechanical properties of the machine unit and some physical soil characteristics using different types of plows in alluvial soil characteristics for different speeds, Basra Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(2):293-301. https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2016.7290
Nascimento, E. M. S., C. A. C. Pereira, J. L., O. M. Queiroz, and A. I. O. Lima, 2021. Economic analysis of maize production as a function of theorical speed of the tractor-seeder set and the sowing site. Economic Analysis, 12(8). https://doi.org/10.7176/JESD/12-8-09
Nassir, Aqeei J. 2016. The effect of tillage methods on energy pulverization requirements under various operating conditions in silty-loamy soil. Thi-Qar University Journal for Agricultural Researches, 6(2): 55-73. https://doi.org/10.21276/basjas
Nkakini, S. O. and R. A. Ekemube, 2020. Evaluation of the effects of tractor forward speed and tillage depth on fuel consumption during ploughing operation. Journal of Newviews in Engineering and Technology (JNET), 2(2): 60-69.
Noora, R. S., F. Hussainb, M. Farooqc, U., R. Noord, and M. M. Waqase, 2021. Evaluating performance of water seed drill for wheat production: a sustainable technique under rainfed agricultural system, Big Data In Agriculture (BDA) 3(1) (2021) 21-26.
https://doi.org/10.26480/bda.01.2021.21.26
Obeng-Akrofi, G., J. O. Akowuah, D. E. Maier, and A. Addo, 2021. Techno-economic analysis of a cross flow column dryer for maize drying in Ghana. Agriculture, 11, 568. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060568
Oduma, O., 2021. Effect of soil type and operational speed on performance of some selected agricultural field machinery in South East Nigeria. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 23(1): 17-27.
Saber , Alaa K. S. 2011. The effect of cultivating depths, speed and weight lifting of New Holland tractors on some performance indicators of mechanical unit and soil bulk density.
Sadek, M.A., Chen, Y. and Zeng, Z., 2021. Draft force prediction for a high-speed disc implement using discrete element modelling. Biosystems engineering, 202: 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.12.009
Schönauer, M., T. Holzfeind, S. Hoffmann, F. Holzleitner, , B. Hinte, and D. Jaeger, 2020. Effect of a traction-assist winch on wheel slippage and machine induced soil disturbance in flat terrain. International Journal of Forest Engineering 32(1): 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14942119.2021.1832816
Sial, M. U., T. Farooq, L. K. Khalaf, S. Rahman, M. Asad, and B. A. Paray 2023. Two-step method for rapid isolation of genomic DNA and validation of R81T insecticide resistance mutation in Myzus persicae. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 30(11), p.103791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103791
Siddiq, A., and Y. Y. M. AL-Obaidi, 2019. Evaluation of heavy chisel plow performance in different speeds in terms of some mechanical performance indicators. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 47(1), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.33899/magrj.2019.161237.
Stroganov, Y. N., E. M. Pampura, A. Y.Mikheev, and O. G. Ognev, 2022. Improving the stability of straight-line movement of two-axle tractor trailers by stabilizing the wheels of the front rotary trolley. In AIP Conference Proceedings, 2456(1): AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0074802
Tekeste, M. Z., L. R. Balvanz, F.S. Al-Aani, A. Boesenberg, and J. L. Hatfield. .2022. Hardened edges effects on wear characteristics of cultivator sweeps using circular soil bin test. Journal of Tribology, 144(2), 024501. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050805
Tian, L., C. Cao, K. Qin, L. Fang, and J. Ge, 2021. Design and test of post-seat weeding machine for paddy. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 14(3): 112-122. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20211403.5936
Zhou, X., W. Ma, G.Li, and H.Qiu, 2020. Farm machinery use and maize yields in China: an analysis accounting for selection bias and heterogeneity. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 64(4): 1282-1307.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
2.jpg)
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-5906 2.jpg)
