MOLECULAR DETECTION AND DERMATO PATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ORF VIRUS INFECTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS IN BASRAH PROVINCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i3.1571Keywords:
Molecular detection, dermato pathological, ORF virus in sheep and goats.Abstract
This study was designed for the molecular diagnosis and assessment of histopathological changes of ORF infection in sheep and goats in Basra governorate in Iraq. The virus was detected by using -polymerase chain reaction. The samples were taken from the skin of the lips of animals infected with contiguous ecthema. Hundred samples taken from the sheep and 100 samples from goats of suspected animals, the results of the molecular diagnosis showed that 76 (76%) of sheep were infected and 71 (71%) of goats were infected by diagnosing the partial of ORFV037 gene (173bp), and ORFV039 (703bp), the sequences were determined and recorded in the NCBI and drawn the phylogenetic tree. The results of histopathological study showed presented various changes in cutaneous tissues in sheep include hyperplasia of hair follicles, sebaceous gland and sweet gland, parakeratosis, hyalinization of keratin Also to a picture of tumores, inflammation appear clearly in dermis also to hyperplasia of epidermis towered dermis. In goat showed prolifration of epidermis layer and papillae projection, Highly proliferation structures spinosum, sebaceous gland, sweet gland, and proliferation hair follicles with thickening it wall, hyperkeratosis of epidermis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and ulceration with necrotizing of epidermis.
References
Abbas, A.A. M.K. Faraj, and A.R. Abed. 2012. Some biochemical and histopathological effects of different oral doses Ochratoxin A in male rats. Proceeding of the Eleventh Veterinary Scientific Conference., The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine., 36, special issue (2): 182-189
Ali, M.H. M.H. Ahmed, S.M. Tamam, A. Arafa, and A. Saad. 2013. Molecular Characterization of ORF Virus Isolated from Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Global Veterinaria 11: 98-106
Buddle, B. and H. Pulford. 1984. Effect of passively-acquired antibodies and vaccination on the immune response to contagious ecthyma virus, Veterinary Microbiology, 9, 515-552
Chan, K.W. C.H. Yang, J.W. Lin, H.C. Wang, F.Y. Lin, and S.T. Kuo. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis of parapoxviruses and the C-terminal heterogeneity of viral ATPase proteins. Gene.; 432:44-53
Charalambos, B. S.M. Vasia, S. Vasiliki, C. George, and B. Fthenakis1 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of strains of ORF virus isolated from two outbreaks of the disease in sheep in Greece, Virology Journal, 9:24. http://www.virologyj.com/content/9/1/24
Constable, P.D. K.W. Hinchcliff, S.H. Done, and W. Grunberg. 2017. Veterinary Medicine. A textbook of the disease of cattle, sheep, goats and horses 911th edn), WB Saunders Co. pp. 1593-1596
de la Concha-Bermejillo, A. Z. Guo, J. Zahang, and D. Waldron. 2003. Severe persistent ORF in young goats. J Vet Diagn Invest, 15:423-431
Deane, D. C.J. McInnes, A. Percival, A. Wood, J. Thomson, A. Lear, J. Gilray, S. Fleming, A. Mercer, and D. Haig. 2000. ORF virus encodes a novel secreted protein inhibitor of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2. J. Virol. 74, 1313-1320
Delhon, G. E.R. Tulman, C.L. Afonso, and Z. Lu, 2004. Concha-Bermejillo A, Lehmkuhl HD, et al. Genomes of the parapoxviruses ORF virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus. J Virol.;78:168-177
Diallo, A. and B.J. Viljoen. 2007. Genus capripoxvirus. In Poxviruses, pp: 167-181. Birkhäuser Basel
Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39:783-791
Fleming, S.B. and A.A. Mercer. 2007, Genus Parapoxvirus, in Poxviruses. Birkhauser Advances in Infectious Diseases, A. A. Mercer, A. Schmidt, and O. Weber, Eds., pp. 127–165, Birkhauser ¨ Basel
Fleming, S.B. L.M. Wise, and A.A. Mercer, 2015. Molecular genetic analysis of ORF virus: a poxvirus that has adapted to skin. Viruses.;7(3):1505-139
Gao, Y. Y. Zhao, J. Liu, M. Zhou, H. Liu, F. Liu, W. Yang, and D. Chen. 2016. ORF in goats in China: prevalence and risk factors. J Agric Sci Technol A.;6:116-123
Guo, J. J. Rasmussen, A. Wünschmann, and A. de La Concha-Bermejillo. 2004. Genetic characterization of ORF viruses isolated from various ruminant species of a zoo. Vet Microbiol 99: 81-92
Inoshima, Y. K. Murakami, T. Yokoyama, and H. Sentsui. 2001. Genetic heterogeneity among parapoxviruses isolated from sheep, cattle and Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus). J Gen Virol 82: 1215-1220
Inoshima, Y. S. Shimizu, N. Minamoto, K. Hirai, and H. Sentsui. 1999. Use of protein AG in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for screening for antibodies against parapoxvirus in wild animals in Japan. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 6: 388- 391
Jae-ku, O. R. In-Soon, L. Kyung-Hyun, L. Kyoung-Ki, K. Hye-Ryoung, J. Young-Hwa, and L. O-Soo. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of Korean ORF virus from dairy goats: case reported. Virology Journal, 6:167
Jukes, T.H. and C.R. Cantor. 1969. Evolution of Protein Molecules. In Munro HN, editor, Mammalian Protein Metabolism, pp. 21-132, Academic Press, New York
Karim, S.M. 2015. Study of some clinical and epidemiological features and rapid detection of ORF diseases in sheep by molecular techniques. A thesis of master science in Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qadisia University. Pp; 96-98
Keshan, Z. L. Zhongxin, S. Youjun, Z. Haixue, J. Ye, H. Jujun, and L. Xiangtao. 2010. Diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of ORF virus from goats in china: a case report. Virology Journal, 7:78
Kinley, G.E. C.W. Schmitt, and J. Stephens-devalle. 2013. Case report A case of contagious Ecthyma ( ORF Virus ) in a nonmanipulated laboratory Dorset Sheep ( Ovis aries), 2013.Article ID 210854, 5 pages; 2013
Kluge, J.P. N.F. Cheville, and T.M. Peery. 1972. Ultrastructural studies of contagious ecthyma in sheep. Am. J. Vet. Res. 33:1191-1200
Kumar, S. G. Stecher, and K. Tamura. 2016. MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33:1870-1874
Lewis, C. 1996. Update on ORF. In Farm Animal Practice, 18: 376-381
Luna, L.G. 1968. Manual of histologic staining methods of armed forces institute of pathology. 3rd edition. McGraw-Hill book company. cited by Ibrahim MK. Histopathological and Histochemical Changes of Small Intestine Infected with Giardiasis in Human and Experimental Model. PhD thesis. Biology department. Basrah University. 2004, pp:26. doi.org/10.29079/vol14iss2art349
MacLachlan, N.J. and E.J. Dubovi. 2011. Poxviridae. In: Fenner's Veterinary Virology. 4th ed. London: Academic. Pp: 151-165
Maclachlan, N.J. and E.J. Dubovi. 2017. Fenner's Veterinary Virology. 4 ed. Elsevier
McInnes, C.J. D. Deane, D. Haig, A. Percival, J. Thomson, and A.R. Wood. 2005. Glycosylation, disulfide bond formation, and the presence of a WSXWS-like motif in the ORF virus GIF protein are critical for maintaining the integrity of Binding to ovine granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-2. J. Virol. 79, 11205-11213
Mondal, B. A.K.Bear, M. Hosamani, P.A. Tembhurne, and S.K. Bandyopadhyay. 2006. Detection of ORF virus from outbreak in goat and its genetic relation with other parapoxviruses. Vet Res Comm, 30:531-539
Nobrega, J.J. J.T. Macedo, J.A. Araujo, A.F. Dantas, M.P. Soares, and F. Riet-Correa. 2008. Contagious Echtyma in Sheep and Goats in the Semiarid of Paraiba, Brazil. Pesquisa. Vet. Brasil. 28(3): 135
Oem, J.K. I.S. Roh, K.H. Lee, K.K. Lee, H.R. Kim, Y.H. Jean, and O.S. Lee. 2009. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of Korean ORF virus from dairy goats: case report. Virol. J 6(1), 167
Peralta, C. A. Robles, and A. Mart´ınez. 2015. Identifcation and molecular characterization of ORF virus in Argentina, Virus Genes, 50, (3): 381-388
Said, A.A. Mohamed, S.I. Elhamid, W.A. Hosny, and E.M. Baheeg. 2013. Trials for isolation of contagious pustular dermatitis virus (CPDV) from sheep in Ismailia governorate. Res. Zool., 3(1):10-14
Saitou, N. and M. Nei. 1987. The neighbour-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:406-425
Salem, S.A.H. O.A. Shemies, N.A. Mahmoud, and A.A. Arafa. 2008. Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Camel Pox Virus. Egypt. J. Comp. Path. & Clinic. Path 21: 306-318
Seet, B.T. J.B. Johnston, C.R. Brunetti, J.W. Barrett, H. Everett, C. Cameron, J. Sypula, S.H. Nazarian, A. Lucas, and G. McFadden. 2003. Poxviruses and immune evasion. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 21, 377-423
Spyrou, V. and G. Valiakos. 2015. ORF virus infection in sheep or goats. Vet. Microbial., 181: 178-182
Tryland, M. J. Klein, E.S. Nordøy, and A.S. Blix. 2005 Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxvirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell seal. Virus Res 108: 83-87
Trylanda, M. J. Kleinb, T. Bergera, D.J. Terje, C.G. das Nevesa, A. Oksanend, and K. Asbakka. 2013. Experimental parapoxvirus infection (contagious ecthyma) in semidomesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Vet. Microbiol. 162(2–4): 499-506
Vikoren, T. A. Lillehaug, J. Akerstedt, T. Bretten, M. Haugum, and M. Tryland. 2008. A severe outbreak of contagious ecthyma (ORF) in a free-ranging musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) population in Norway. Vet Microbiol, 127:10-20
Zeedan, G.S. M.A. Hassanain, and R.M. Shaapan. 2015. Isolation of Parapoxviruses from Skin Lesion of Man and Animals in
EgyptGlobal Veterinaria 12 : 19-25
Zuckerkandl, E. and L. Pauling. 1965. Evolutionary divergence and convergence in proteins. Edited in Evolving Genes and Proteins by V. Bryson and H.J. Vogel, pp. 97-166. Academic Press, New York.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.