EFFECT OF FUNCTIONAL FEED ADDITIVES ON EGG PRODUCTION, HATCHABILITY AND HEMATOLOGICAL TRAITS OF JPANESE QUAILS DURING SUMMER CONDITION

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of using functional feed additives on egg production, hatchability and hematological traits of Japanese quails under hot weather condition. A total of 288 a day old of Japanese quail were allocated to six treatments with three replicates containing T0: control, T1: Optifeed® 500g/ton feed, T2: Oleobiotec®100g/ton feed, T3: Force®6 100g/ton, T4: VêO® premium 250 g/ton feed and T5: mixing of (Optifeed® 250g + Oleobiotec® 50g+ Force®6 (50 g)+VêO® premium 125 g)/ton.The results were summarized that the functional feed additives were significantly higher in body weight, body weight gain in T1 and T5, high economic profit in T1, T4 and T5 and FCR improved in T1, T3, T4 and T5 at age 35 day old, egg production percentage and economic profit and food conversion ratio (FCR) more improvement in the all treatments of feed additives, feed intake in T1 and T3 at ages (36-70) day old. Also higher Haugh unit, egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, egg yolk lipids, RBCs, Hb, PCV, the serum concentrations of (HDL, antioxidant activity and GPx), fertility, hatchability of fertile egg, hatchability of total egg, hatched chicks weight and immunological ELISA titer against Newcastle (ND), Gamboro (IBD) and Infectious bronchitis diseases, also improved in H/L ratio in feed additives treatments. Whereas; significantly lower of cholesterol and malondialdehyde in the egg yolk, the concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, malondialdehyde in the serum, the percentages of dead embryos at ages: early (1-7) d, mid (8-14) d, late (15-17) d, total (1-17) d and disabled chicks in feed additives treatments compared with the control. However; there were no significant differences between control and experimental treatments in mortality at ages 35 and 70 days old and the relative weight of eggshell. From the results all feed additives that used in this experiment had positively effect on body performance, economic profit at 35 days old, also positively affected on egg production percentage, egg quality and improved blood parameters, hatchability and quails immunity during summer months. Keyword: feed additives, egg production, hatchability, hematological traits, Japanese quails, hot weather. ةيقارعلا ةيعارزلا مولعلا ةلجم – 85 : ( صاخ ددع :) 80 58 / 2017 نورخآ و ىفطصم لا نامسلا ةقيمع يف ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإا ريثأت يناباي ةيمدلا تافصلاو سقفلا ،ضيبلا جاتنا ىمع للاخ فيصلا ىفطصم ينغلادبع ةبوبحم 1 رباص قداص مايب ىفطصم ينغلادبع لاضن دعاسم ذاتسا دعاسم سردم سردم ،ةعا رزلا ةيمك ،ةيناويحلا ةورثلا مسق قا رعلا ناتسدرك ميمقأ ،نيدلا حلاص ةعماج nizalss@yahoo.com صمختسملا يمحملا نامسلا ةقيمع يف ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإا ريثأت ثحبل ةبرجتلا هذه تيرجأ ةيمدلا تافصلاو سقفلا ،ضيبلا جاتنا ىمع .فيصلا يف راحلا وجلا ءانثأ ةسا ردلا هذه تنمضت 288 ( تلاماعم ةتس ىمع ايئاوشع تعزوو ،دحاو موي رمعب نامس ةخرف T0 ،ةرطيسلا ةمماعم : :T1 Optifeed® 500 نط/مغ ،فمع T2 : Oleobiotec® 100 ،فمع نط/مغ T3 : Force®6 100 ،فمع نط/مغ T4 : VêO® premium 250 ،فمع نط/مغ :T5 طيمخ نم 250 مغ Optifeed® + 50 مغ Oleobiotec® + 50 مغ Force®6 + 125 غ م VêO® premium 250 .فمع نط/ ثحبلا جئاتن صخمم نيتمماعملا يف ةينزولا ةدايزلا ،مسجلا نزو يف ةيونعملا يلاع عافترا تنيب T1 و T5 تلاماعملا يف يداصتقلأا حبرلا بف اعافتراو ، T1 ، T4 و T5 ، ليوحتلا لماعم يف يونعم نسحت تلاماعملا يف يئاذغلا T1 ، T3 ، T4 و T5 رمعب 35 لماعم ،يداصتقلأا حبرلا ،ضيبلا جاتنلإ ةيوئملا ةبسنلا .موي ( رامعأب ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإا تلاماعم يف انسحت تدبأ كمهتسملا فمعلا و يئاذغلا ليوحتلا 36 70 نزو ، ،وه لماعم يف يونعم عافترا اضيأ .اموي ) ،ةضيبلا ةرشق كمس ،ضيبلا نم لصملا ىوتحم ،ةصوصرملا مدلا ايلاخ ،نيبومغوميهلا ،رمحلا مدلا ايلاخ ددع ،رافصلا نهد ،رسكمل ةرشقلا ةمواقم ةوق رايعملاو ،ةسقافلا خارفلأا نزو ،يمكلاو بصخملا ضيبلا نم سيقفتلا ،ةبوصخلا ،)نويثاتومكلا و ةدسكلأا تاداضم طاشن ،ديجلا لورتسلوكلا( يمجحلا لايلإاب ةعانممل افاضلإا تلاماعم يف ةيوافمملا/ةرياغتملا ايلاخلا ةبسن يف انسحت كلذك ،)ةيئاوهلا بعشلا باهتلأو وروبمكلا ،لساكوينلا( ضا رمأ دض ا زي ت رلا لورتسلوكلا ،يمكلا لورتسلوكلا زيكا رتو ،ضيبلا رافص يف دياهيدلايدنولاملا ،لورتسلوكلا يف ايونعم اضافخنا تدجو نيح يف .ةيئاذغلا ،ئد (ركبم :رامعأب ةتيملا ةنجلأل ةيوئملا ةبسنلا و ،مدلا لصم يف دياهيدلايدنولاملا ،ادج ئدرلا لورتسلوكلا 1 7 ( طسوتم ، ) 8 14 ( رخأتم ، ) 15 17 ) ( يمكلاو 1 17 ورف ةيأ ظحلاي مل امنيب .ةرطيسلا ةمماعمب ةنراقم ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإا تلاماعم يف ةيبرتمل ةحلاصلا ريغ خا رفلأا ،اموي ) نيب ةيونعم ق رمع دنع تاكلاهلا يف ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإا تلاماعم و ةرطيسلا ةمماعم 35 و 70 .ةضيبلا ةرشقل يبسنلا نزولاو اموي تلاماعم عيمج نأب جئاتنلا تنيب رمعب يداصتقلأا حبرلا ،يجاتنلإا ءادلأا ىمع ةيباجيإ تا ريثأت اهل تناك ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإل ةبرجتلا 35 ةبسنلاو ،اموي تافصلا ،ضيبلا جاتنلإ ةيوئملا .فيصلا رهشأ للاخ نامسلا ةعانم و سقفلا ،ةيمدلا تافصلا يف نسحت ،ضيبمل ةيهونلا .راحلا وجلا ،يمحملا نامسلا ،ةيمدلا تافصلا ،سقفلا ،ضيبلا جاتنا ،ةيئاذغلا تافاضلإا :ةيحاتفملا تاممكلا The Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences – 48: (Special Issue): 80-58,2017 Mustafa & et al. 8


INTRODUCTION
Nutrition is obviously a critical determinant in the growth of the gut in the layer quails, beneficial effects of dietary additives such as herbs extracts or organic acids, on the energy and protein utilization of poultry (19). Spices and herbs of various plants extract have appetizing and digestion stimulating property and antimicrobial effects (1 ، 2). When considering supplementing the feed with herbs and spices or their extracts to stimulate the appetite, we have to know the taste preferences of different animal species (11). The ban on nutritive antibiotic use increased awareness of the consumers triggered a need for natural and safe feed additives to achieve better production results on farm animals. Plant extracts are used in animal nutrition as appetite and digestion stimulants, stimulants of physiological functions, for prevention and treatment of certain pathological conditions, as colorants and antioxidants (8). So, there is a tendency to use herbs and probiotics as natural feed additives to avoid the residual cumulative effect for either antibiotics or sysnthetic drugs in final products of poultry, which has a negative effect on the human health (15). Antioxidants compounds like herbs are substances present in lower concentrations and significantly delay or prevent oxidation of substrates such as protein, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA (17). The objective of this trial was to check the effect of Optifeed® (appetite stimulation), Oleobiotic® (health & performances improvement), VêO® Premium (stress management) and Force®6 (vectorized curcumin as antioxidant) in local quails productive and reproductive performances and some blood physiological analysis.  (16), as per variance, significant differences among treatment means were determined by Duncan's multiple range tests (6).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Body weight (BW) and body weight gain (BWG) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the treatments T1 and T5, also high economic profit (EP) in T1, T4 and T5 and feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved in T1, T3, T4 and T5 at age 35 day old. Hen housed egg production percentage and economic profit were achieved highly significant (p<0.05) and FCR more improvement in the all treatments of feed additives compared to the control, also feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1 and T3 compared with the other treatments at ages (36-70) day old. But, mortality was not significant among all treatments at ages 35 and 70 days old (Table  1). Aromatic plants and their extracts have a positive effect on growth performance in chickens (10), weight gain and feed intake were increased whereas the feed gain ratio was lowered when compared to control, also dietary essential oils and spices or their active components have a positive effect of on digestion process. The initial effect of adding spice plant extracts to animal or bird feeds is one of stimulating appetite; aroma can stimulate the olfactory nerves and gustatory papillae (13).Feed supplements with growth promoting activity increase stability of feed and beneficially influence the gastrointestinal ecosystem mostly through growth inhibition of pathogenic microorganism's growth due to improved health status of digestive system, animals are less exposed to the toxins of micro-biological origin, consequently herbs and spices help to increase the resistance of the animals exposed to different stress situations and increase the absorption of essential nutrients, thus improving the growth of the animals (18).

T0= Control, T1= Optifeed® (500g/ton feed), T2=Oleobiotec®100g/T feed, T3=Force®6: 100 g/T, T4=VêO® premium 250 g/T feed and T5= (Optifeed®250g+Oleobiotec®50g+ Force®6 (50 g)+VêO® premium 125 g)/Ton, BW =body weight, BWG= body weight gain, FCR= feed conversion ratio, FI= feed intake, HD= hen day.The same superscripts within rows means nonsignificant, ac Means within rows with different superscripts differ significantly at (P≤ 0.05).
The results of Haugh unit, egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength and egg yolk lipids concentration were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatments which were given the feed additives compared to the control. While, egg yolk cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) lower in the treatments of feed additives compared to the control. However there were no significant differences concerning between control and experimental treatments in the relative weight of eggshell (Table 2).   (Table 3). Herbs and spice could be inhibit the nutrition stress or any stress that cause the increase in H/L ratio, because the stress could increase the stimulation of adrenal gland to produce some hormones such as estrone which has a direct effect to analyze a lymphatic cell which causes increase in H/L ratio (9).
Many active components of herbs and spices can prevent lipid peroxidation through quenching free radicals or through activation of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Main molecules responsible for the antioxidative properties of herbs and spices are phenolic substances (flavonoids, hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids, phenolic terpenes) and some vitamins (E, C and A). Often used herbs rich in phenolics are: rosemary, thyme, oregano, sage, green tea, chamomile, etc. (3, 5 ,7). It has been hypothesized that the increased de-conjugation of bile acids, results in greater excretion of bile acids from the intestinal tract, the increased excretion of bile acids stimulates the replacement of bile acids from cholesterol.  (Table 4) observed that the all treatments of functional feed additives were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Newcastle (ND), Gamboro (IBD) and Infectious bronchitis (IBV) diseases compared to the control T1.
The immune system generally benefits from the herbs and spices rich in flavonoids, vitamin C and carotenoids. The plants containing molecules which possess immune-stimulatory properties, these plants can improve the activity of lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells; they increase phagocytosis or stimulate the interpheron synthesis (4). Herbs feed additives have unusual components that provide unique health benefits by decreasing free radical and increasing the antioxidant capacity of the blood and improves the general healthy conditions of poultry that may be reflected in increased immune response (15(. Table 5. Effect of functional feed additives on immunological ELISA titer against some diseases of hatched quail chicks Treatments  Traits  T0  T1  T2  T3  T4  T5  The results in this study showed that functional feed additives (500g Optifeed®, 100g Oleobiotec®, 100g Force®6, 250g VêO® premium and (250g Optifeed® + 50g Oleobiotec® + 50g Force®6 +125g VêO® premium) /Ton dietary treatments group gave the best performance in most measured parameters, benefit profit per quail, egg qualities (external and internal),improves some whole blood, serum biochemical and antioxidant traits of quail parameters. This finding also demonstrated for the effect of different feed additives of diets increased the fertility and hatchability and immunological ELISA titer against some diseases of hatched quail chicks tremendously.